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Esd Module 7

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11 views20 pages

Esd Module 7

Uploaded by

shreya gangwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Module – 7

Applications of
Embedded Systems
Basics of Automotive Electronics
When you talk about Modern Automotive
Electronics, what comes in your mind?
Comfort & Safety System Engine Control System
When you talk about Modern Automotive
Electronics, what comes in your mind?
Comfort & Safety System Engine Control System
The Basics
What is Engine control ?
Regulating fuel and air intake
Spark timing
To achieve desired performance in the form of torque or power
output.

Until the late 1960s, control of the engine output torque and
RPM was accomplished through some combination of
mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic systems. Then, in the
1970s, electronic control systems were introduced.
Motivation of Electronic Engine Control
To regulate automobile exhaust
emissions

To improve average fuel


economy
Role of electronics
Meet the government regulations – pollution and mileage
Long-term calibration stability
System is very flexible
Additional cost incentives
Concept of an Electronic
Engine Control System
An electronic engine control system is an assembly of
electronic and electromechanical components that
continuously varies the fuel and spark settings in order to
satisfy government exhaust emission and fuel economy
regulations.
DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL
The primary purpose of the electronic engine control system
is to:
1. Regulate the mixture (i.e., air–fuel)
2. The ignition timing
3. EGR
DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL
DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL
The microcontroller under program control generates output
electrical signals to operate the fuel injectors so as to maintain
the desired mixture and ignition to optimize performance.
Inputs to Controllers:
1. Throttle position sensor (TPS)
2. Mass air flow rate (MAF)
3. Engine temperature (coolant temperature) (CT)
4. Engine speed (RPM) and angular position
5. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve position
6. Exhaust gas oxygen (EGO) concentration
DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL
Outputs from Controllers
1. Fuel metering control
2. Ignition control
3. Ignition timing
4. Exhaust gas recirculation control
DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL
For a typical engine there are seven different engine
operating modes that affect fuel control:
1. Engine crank
2. Engine warm-up
3. Open-loop control
4. Closed-loop control
5. Hard acceleration
6. Deceleration
7. Idle

The program for mode control logic determines the engine


operating mode from sensor data and timers.
DIGITAL ENGINE CONTROL
For a typical engine there are seven different engine
operating modes that affect fuel control:
1. Engine crank
2. Engine warm-up
3. Open-loop control
4. Closed-loop control
5. Hard acceleration
6. Deceleration
7. Idle

The program for mode control logic determines the engine


operating mode from sensor data and timers.
Role of Embedded Systems in Electric
Vehicles
Embedded systems are at the core of EVs, orchestrating an
ensemble of tasks that upgrade each part of these cutting-
edge vehicles.
These systems, made out of equipment and software
intricately integrated, govern different capabilities within
the EV environment.
They empower constant communication, information
processing, control, and criticism components that hoist
the EV experience higher than ever.
Key Application
1. Battery Management: Embedded systems oversee
lithium-particle battery packs in EVs, ensuring ideal
charging, discharging, and balancing to improve battery
life, amplify range, and maintain safety.
2. Powertrain Control: These systems manage the electric
motor’s exhibition, translating driver inputs into smooth
speed increase, productive energy use, and regenerative
braking.
3. Thermal Management: Embedded systems control the
EV’s thermal management framework, maintaining ideal
temperatures for both the battery pack and other basic
parts, enhancing execution and extending life
expectancy.
Key Application
4. User Interface and Infotainment: In-cabin embedded
systems give intuitive interfaces, infotainment choices, and
network highlights, offering drivers and travelers a consistent
and customized insight.
5. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): Embedded
systems drive ADAS capabilities like impact aversion, path
keeping assistance, and versatile journey control, enhancing
safety and simplifying the driving experience.
6. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Communication: Embedded systems
work with V2G communication, allowing EVs to take care of
stored energy back into the grid during top demand periods,
contributing to grid security and energy efficiency.
Key Application
4. User Interface and Infotainment: In-cabin embedded
systems give intuitive interfaces, infotainment choices, and
network highlights, offering drivers and travelers a consistent
and customized insight.
5. Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS): Embedded
systems drive ADAS capabilities like impact aversion, path
keeping assistance, and versatile journey control, enhancing
safety and simplifying the driving experience.
6. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Communication: Embedded systems
work with V2G communication, allowing EVs to take care of
stored energy back into the grid during top demand periods,
contributing to grid security and energy efficiency.
Enhancing Efficiency and Performance
Optimized Energy Management: Through exact control of power
circulation and energy usage, embedded systems augment the
vehicle’s reach while ensuring proficient utilization of stored energy.

Regenerative Braking: These systems oversee regenerative


braking, converting kinetic energy back into stored energy,
extending territory and reducing wear on mechanical brakes.

Dynamic Power Allocation: Embedded systems adaptively


dispense power to the motor, ensuring quick speed increase and
ideal efficiency in light of driving circumstances and user demands.
Safety and Reliability
Battery Safety: These systems monitor and oversee
battery conditions, preventing overcharging, overheating,
and other possible perils, ensuring both user safety and
vehicle life span.

ADAS and Autonomous Driving: Embedded systems


empower ongoing monitoring of surroundings, allowing for
instant reactions to expected perils and contributing to the
advancement of autonomous driving capacities.

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