MIXED

METHOD
Urfatul Makhsunah
(0203521057)
Lina Ardiyanti (0203521059)
 Overview
1 What is mixed methods research, when is it used?

2 Identify the types of mixed methods designs

Describe the key characteristics of mixed methods

3 design.

Identify some potential ethical issues in mixed

4 methods research

The steps used in conducting mixed methods

5 research

List criteria for evaluating a mixed methods study

6
 1 What is mixed methods research, when is it used?

When is it used?
A mixed methods research design is you need to understand both quantitative
a procedure for collecting, analyzing, and qualitative research.
and “mixing” both quantitative and This makes this type of design an advanced
qualitative methods in a single study or methods procedures. The procedures are
a series of studies to understand a time-consuming, requiring extensive data
research problem. collection and analysis, and such time
(Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011) requirements may require that you
participate in a research team when using it.
 2 The types of mixed methods designs

Four basic design

Complex design
mixed method: mixed method:
The Convergent Parallel Design The Transformative
Design

The Explanatory Sequential Design

Multiphase Design

The Exploratory Sequential Design

The Embedded Design

1. The Convergent Parallel Design 2. The Explanatory Sequential Design

The purpose of a convergent An explanatory sequential mixed methods

(or parallel or concurrent) mixed methods design (also called a two-phase model; Creswell
design is to simultaneously collect both & Plano Clark, 2011) consists of first collecting
quantitative and qualitative data, merge the quantitative data and then collecting qualitative
data, and use the results to understand data to help explain or elaborate on the
a research problem. quantitative results.
3. The Exploratory Sequential Design 4. The Embedded Design
The purpose of an exploratory sequential The purpose of the embedded design is to
mixed methods design involves the collect quantitative and qualitative data
procedure of first gathering qualitative data simultaneously or sequentially, but to have
to explore a phenomenon, and then one form of data play a supportive role to
collecting quantitative data to explain the other form of data
relationships found in the qualitative data
5. The Transformative Design 6. Multiphase Design

to use one of the four designs (convergent,

the multiphase design is a complex design that
explanatory, exploratory, or embedded),
builds on the basic convergent,
but to encase the design within a
explanatory, exploratory, and embedded designs.
transformative framework or lens
(Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011)
3 Our Team Layout
Describe the key characteristics of mixed methods design
Insert the title of your subtitle Here

1. Provide a rationale for the design

2. Include Collecting Quantitative and Qualitative Data

3. Consider Priority

4. Consider Sequence

5. Match the Data Analysis to a Design

6. Convergent Design Analysis

 In mixed methods basic designs, some ethical issues may arise that are unique to each type of design

1. In a convergent design, the quantitative and qualitative sample sizes may be different. Care needs to
be taken to not minimize the importance of a sample because of its size.

2. In an explanatory design, researchers may use a large quantitative database for the initial phase of the
research. In order to follow up on these individuals with qualitative interviews, there needs to be an identi -
fier linked to the quantitative database.

3. In an embedded design, conducting initial qualitative interviews to build an intervention before an ex -

periment may be helpful in designing the intervention. However, using the initial interview data to place
participants into a control group where they do not receive a beneficial treatment presents an ethical is -
sue
5 Step in the process of conducting a mixed method study

1. Determine a mixed method study is feasible

2. Identify a rationale for a mixed method study
3. Identify he data collecting strategy and type of
design
4. Develop quantitative, qualitative and mixed
method research questions
5. Collect quantitative, qualitative data
6. Analyze data separately or concurrently
7. Write a report as one or two phase study.
 Step 1- Identify a rationale for a mixed method study

 The researcher need skills in gathering both quantitative and qualitative data
 Time to collect extensive information, and a working knowledge of the different types of designs.
 Whether audiences such as graduate committees, publishers, other researchers, and practitioners in edu-
caional settings will appreciate the complexity of your mixed methods study.
Step 2- Identify a rationale for a mixed method study

 you need to consider why you are collecting both quantitative and qualitative data.
 The rationale for the four designs should provide a good starting point.
 Be explicit in this rationale, and include it early in your research plan or report.
 See the reasons for conducting mixed methods studies advanced earlier in this chapter.
Step 3- Identify the data collecting strategy and type of design

 The priority you will give to quantitative and qualitative data

 The sequence of your data collection, if you do not plan to collect the data concurrently
 The specific forms of quantitative data (e.g., attendance records) and qualitative data (e.g., pictures) you
will collect
 Once you have made these decisions, create a diagram of the procedures.
Step 4- Develop Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods Questions

 The priority you will give to quantitative and qualitative data

 The sequence of your data collection, if you do not plan to collect the data concurrently
 The specific forms of quantitative data (e.g., attendance records) and qualitative data (e.g., pictures) you
will collect
 Once you have made these decisions, create a diagram of the procedures. Use the notation system in Fig-
ure 16.1 and the models shown in Figure 16.2 to help you create this diagram.
Step 5- Collect Quantitative and Qualitative Data

 The sequence in which you collect the data will depend on the type of design.
 in all designs, this phase of the research will be lengthy and requires good
organization of the information Statistical programs and text analysis programs can
provide useful systems for storing, managing, and recording the data.
Step 6- . Analyze Data Separately, Concurrently, or Both

 The data analysis will also relate to the specific type of mixed methods design you are using.
 Analyze data ( qualitative and quantitative) separately.
Step 7- Write the Report as a One- or Two-Phase Study or a Multiple-Phase Study
The report integrates
the quantitative and
The report is written in
qualitative phases of
two phases.
the study in each sec-
tion.

The report contains one section The problem statement, for example, contains a need
to specify the problem and the to explore (qualitative) and to predict or explain out-
literature. Then, the sections of comes (quantitative). The research questions are
data collection, analysis, and in- posed as both quantitative and qualitative questions,
. terpretation, two phases—one and the data collection is in one section displaying an
quantitative and one qualitative integration of quantitative and qualitative forms.
—are used for each section

The data analysis is an attempt to converge the two

databases, and you form the results and interpretation
into information that sheds light on the research prob-
lem. This structure results in a convergent design.
 5 Criteria for evaluating a mixed methods study

(Plano Clark & Creswell, 2010)

 Describes that mixed methods is the best approach to answer the research questions
because neither qualitative nor quantitative is adequate as an approach.
 Incorporates both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis.
 Explicitly combines or mixes the two datasets.
 Uses rigorous quantitative and persuasive qualitative procedures of data collection
and analysis.
 Frames the study within one of the mixed methods research designs.
 Provides a diagram of the procedures to clarify the timing, priority, and mixing within
 the study.
 Signals to the reader that the study is using mixed methods (e.g., in the title, purpose,
statement, and methods sections) to indicate their awareness of this research design
Thank you
Any question?