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Starting System Circuit Starting Process

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48 views30 pages

Starting System Circuit Starting Process

Uploaded by

jacose234
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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3rd.

Quarter
Lesson 3.1.

Starting System Circuit &


Starting Process
STARTING SYSTEM FUNCTIONS
Uses battery power and an electric DC
motor to turn engine crankshaft for
engine starting.
Changes electrical energy to mechanical.

Provides gear reduction/torque


multiplication (16:1 to 20:1)
When the ignition key is turned on the
current flows through the solenoid coil.
This closes the contacts, connecting
battery to the starter motor.
COMPONENTS OF THE STARTING
SYSTEM
Battery Provides the current to turn
the starter motor.

Fuse Protects the circuit.

Ignition Switch Closes the circuit.

Relay Uses small amount of


current to control large
amount of current.
Neutral Safety Switch
Opens the circuit until the vehicle is in
neutral (manual transmission), or park
(automatic transmission)
Solenoid Does the same thing as
relay, but performs
mechanical operation. It is
an electromagnetic switch.
Starter motor – converts electrical
energy into mechanical energy. In the
motor vehicle, a starter motor is used
to start the internal combustion engine.

Starter motor - engages pinion gear to


ring gear (mounted on flywheel, Or
torque converter).
INSIDE THE STARTER MOTOR
1. Starter
solenoid
2. Starter drive /
Bendix drive gear.
3. Starter
armature
4. Starter brushes
5. Starter
bearings
Commutator
sliding electrical connection between
the motor windings and the brushes.

Insulated from each other.


Several loops of wire
and a commutator with
many
segments are used to
increase motor power
and smoothness.
Brushes
ride on top of the Commutator to carry
battery current to spinning windings.

Replaced during starter rebuilding


Armature
consists of the armature shaft,
armature core, Commutator and
armature windings.
The Armature is the central rotating
part of a Starter Motor.
It provides constant rotation and steady
torque many wire loops are required.
Armature must produce high torque
and high speeds.
Field Winding
is a stationary insulated wire wrapped
in a circular shape. It creates a strong
magnetic field around the motor
armature.
They are connected in opposite pairs,
to provide North & South poles.

Current flowing through the field coils


produces a powerful magnetic field.
Pinion Gear & Overrunning Clutch
The pinion is splined to the armature
and rotates together with the armature
during the starting process.

The pinion meshes with the ring gear


on the flywheel and transfer the starter
torque to the flywheel.
The Overrunning clutch is designed to
rotate in one direction only. It prevents
over speeding of the armature.
1.Pinion Gear
2.Overrunning Clutch
3.Spring
TYPES OF STARTER MOTOR
A. Overrunning clutch starter
Locks it in one direction and unlocks it
in another.
It allows the pinion gear to run free
when engine begins to run.
TYPES OF STARTER MOTOR
B. Gear Reduction Starter
Has an extra gear on the armature to
further increase the rotating force

Gear ratio between flywheel and


armature is 45:1
Hence, the armature turns 45 times to
turn the flywheel (engine) once.
This provides high cranking torque for
starting.
DC electric motors have three common
types of internal connections:

Series-wound motors develop maximum


torque at initial start-up. Torque decreases
as motor speed increases.
Shunt-wound motors have less starting
torque but more constant torque at varying
speeds.
Compound-wound motors have both series
and shunt windings. They have good
starting power with fairly consistent
operating speeds.
Starting Solenoid
Is a high current relay (controlled by
low current)
Works as an electromagnet switch
If faulty it will simply make a clicking
sound when one is attempting to start
the vehicle.
Neutral Safety Switch
prevents the vehicle from starting while
in gear. (can be adjusted)
Clutch Safety Switch
prevents the vehicle from starting,
unless the clutch pedal is pressed.
(adjustable)
QUICK TESTING:
No crank with no headlights
• Dead Battery(corroded terminals) or
an open in electrical circuit.
• Burned fuse.
• Burned or broken wire.
Head lights go out when cranking
• Indicates heavy current draw.
• Battery may be weak.
• Starter motor may be shorted.
QUICK TESTING:
Lights stay bright but, no crank
• High resistance or an open in starting
circuit.
• Possibly Ignition switch.
• Wiring , solenoid, cable connections,
relay, fuse.
Parts of the Starter Motor:
1. Overrunning clutch 13.Commutator
2. Drive Lever Segments
3. Yoke / Starter Body 14.Through Bolts
4. Permanent Magnet 15.Brush Cover
5. Field Windings / 16.Brush Holder
Field Coils 17.Brush Spring
6. Commutator 18.Starter Brush
7. Armature 19.Brush Terminal
8. Armature Shaft 20.Gear Reduction
9. Armature Core Assembly
10.Armature Bearings
11.Armature Coil
12.Rotor Slots
21. Gear Reduction
Bearing
22. Starter Bearing
23. Drive Gear
24. Solenoid
25. Solenoid Housing
26. Solenoid Piston
27. Solenoid Spring
28. Solenoid Terminal to Battery
29. Solenoid Terminal to Starter
30. Solenoid Terminal to “ST”

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