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Chapter 7 Routing

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32 views29 pages

Chapter 7 Routing

Uploaded by

Abdul
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ADVANCED NETWORK

INTRODUCTION TO
ROUTING
CHAPTER
7
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Content:
1. Router
2. Functions of Routers
3. Interface ports of Router
4. Routing tables

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Routing

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Router:
 Router is an internetworking component that connects different
networks together.
 It may be a hardware or software based.
 A router is a device that determines the best way for a packet to be
forwarded to its destination.

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Router:
 It use headers and routing tables to determine the best path for
forwarding the packets in the network.
 It work at Network layer of an OSI model and Internet layer of TCP/IP
model.
 For example: Cisco 2600 series router

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Router:

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Router:

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Functions of Router:
Main function of Routers are:
1. Router connect the two or more different network such as two LANs
or WANs or a LAN and its ISP's network.
2. It routes the packet in the network by learning IP address of the
devices.
3. It provide the best routing path to the packet in the network.
4. It verify and maintain the routing information.
5. It keep the information about the source and destination of a packet
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Interface Ports of Router:
Interface Ports of router are:

1. Power
2. On/Off Switch
3. Auxiliary RJ-45
4. Console port
5. Synchronous serial port
6. Ethernet AUI port
7. System OK LED
8. Synchronous serial LED
9. Ethernet AUI LED
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Interface Ports of Router:

Interface ports
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Interface Ports of Router:
Interface Ports of router are:

● The interfaces on a router provide network connectivity to the


router.
● The LAN interfaces on routers include Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Fiber
Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) or Token Ring.
● The AUI (Attachment Unit Interface) port on router is used to
provide LAN connectivity.
● Some routers have separate interfaces for ATM (Asynchronous
Transfer Mode). Copyright © TELCOMA. All Rights Reserved
Interface Ports of Router:
Interface Ports of router are:

● The WAN interface on router include Sync and Async serial


interfaces.
● ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) interfaces are used to
provide the ISDN connectivity using which we can transmit both
voice and data.
● The console and auxiliary ports of router are used for managing or
configuring the router.
● “show ip interface brief” command
Copyright isReserved
© TELCOMA. All Rights the most useful command to
Routing Table:
Routing table is a set of rules which determine where to route the
packet in the Internet protocol (IP) network.

Every Router in a Network maintain the routing table.

Every packets which are traveling in network,contain IP address of


source and destination device.

When receive these packet it match the address with the information
that routing table contain and find the best route to transfer packet.

Routing tables can be maintain dynamically or manually.

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Routing Table:
Information include by Routing table is:

● Destination IP: IP address of final destination.


● Subnet Mask: define network ID of IP address.
● Next Hop: IP address of another hop to which the packet is
forwarded.
● Interface: defines the ports of router used for forwarding a packet
● Metric: it is used to find a cost-effective route as it assign costs to
each route in the network.
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Routing table:

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Routing Table:
How Router create Routing tables?

In a network, when a sender device sends the packet to the destination


device then sender add IP address of both the devices.

Then the packet goes to router.

Router examine the packet and find its IP addresses in its Routing table.

When router gets the perfect match, then it determine the perfect route
(cost effective route) to forward the packet in the network.

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Routing Table:
How Router create Routing tables?

If any new device add in the network than router update the routing
table according to its IP address.

Thus router update their information which is contain in routing table for
effective routing.

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Routing Protocol

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Content:
1. Type of Routes
○ Static Routes
○ Dynamic Routes
○ Default Routes

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Type of Routes:
Routing is a process of selecting best path in a network.
There are two type of route:
● Static route
● Dynamic route

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Type of Routes:
Static Route:

Static route are configured manually by network administrator.

When any change in the network occur then administrator manually


update the static route according to the changes.

It is used for simple and small network.

More secure route.

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Type of Routes:
Dynamic Route:

Dynamic routes are the routes which router gets from other routers via
routing protocol.

Whenever their is any change in network then the router update the
information automatically.

It is used in large network.

Less secure route.

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Types of Routes:
Default Route:

Default route is one kind of special route.

Default route can be configured manually and also generated by routing


protocol such as OSPF.

used when a router receive a packet whose destination is not listed in


the routing table.

Thus router transfer the packet to next hop defined by default route.

Default route is Default route can be configured by setting destination


address and mask to be 0’s.Copyright © TELCOMA. All Rights Reserved
Static Routing Protocol:
A static route is a special route which is configured by network
administrator manually.

Static routing is a type of network routing technique used for manual


configuration and selection of a network route.

It is used where the network parameters and environment are expected


to remain constant.

Static routing is not a routing protocol; instead, it is the routing


technique.

For configuring static route on cisco router type- ip route


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Static Routing Protocol:
Advantage: Disadvantage:

No overhead information is Complete knowledge of network


required. is required.

No bandwidth usage between Not easy to implement on large


links. network.

Form Highly secure network. All routers have to update


manually, If network topology
change.

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Dynamic Routing Protocol:
Dynamic routing protocol is used to find best route to forward the
packet to the destination.

The common protocol used by dynamic routing protocols are RIP, OSPF,
ISIS and BGP etc.

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Dynamic Routing Protocol:

In dynamic routing protocol, the router automatically updates its routing


table according to the changes in the network.

For configuring dynamic route set destination address and subnet mask
address to zero.

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Dynamic Routing Protocol:
Advantage: Disadvantage:

Less manual configuration is More load is present on routers


required while adding and in the network.
deleting networks.
Network knowledge is required.
Routers are updated
automatically, if any change Less secure network.
occur in network.

More scalable protocol.

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