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Subnetting

Network protocols Main

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Rohan Aggarwal
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22 views11 pages

Subnetting

Network protocols Main

Uploaded by

Rohan Aggarwal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subnetting

Subnet Example
Network address 172.19.0.0 with /16 network mask
Using Subnets: subnet mask 255.255.255.0
or /24
Network Network Subnet Host

172 19 0 Host Subnet


s
172 19 1 Host
172 19 2 Host
255
172 19 3 Host Subnets

172 19 etc. Host 28 - 1

172 19 254 Host


Cannot use last
172 19 255 Host subnet as it
contains
broadcast
Subnet Example

Class B address 172.19.0.0 with /16 network mask


Using Subnets: subnet mask 255.255.255.0
or /24
Network Network Subnet Hosts Hosts
Addresses
172 19 0 1 254
172 19 1 1 254
172 19 2 1 254
172 19 3 1 254
172 19 etc. 1 254
172 19 254 1 254
Each subnet
172 19 255 Host has 254 hosts,
28 – 2
Important things to remember about Subnetting

• You can only subnet the host portion, you do not have control of the
network portion.
• Subnetting does not give you more hosts, it only allows you to divide your
larger network into smaller networks.
• When subnetting, you will actually lose host adresses:
– For each subnet you lose the address of that subnet
– For each subnet you lose the broadcast address of that subnet
– You “may” lose the first and last subnets

• Why would you want to subnet?


– Divide larger network into smaller networks
– Better management of traffic.
Subnetting – Example
• Host IP Address: 138.101.114.250
• Network Mask: 255.255.0.0 (or /16)
• Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192 (or /26)

Given the following Host IP Address, Network Mask and Subnet


mask find the following information:
• Major Network Information
– Major Network Address
– Major Network Broadcast Address
– Range of Hosts if not subnetted
• Subnet Information
– Subnet Address
– Range of Host Addresses (first host and last host)
– Broadcast Address
• Other Subnet Information
– Total number of subnets
– Number of hosts per subnet
Major Network Information

• Host IP Address: 138.101.114.250


• Network Mask: 255.255.0.0
• Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192

• Major Network Address: 138.101.0.0


• Major Network Broadcast Address: 138.101.255.255
• Range of Hosts if not Subnetted: 138.101.0.1 to 138.101.255.254
Step 1: Convert to Binary
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
138. 101. 114. 250
IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11111010
Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000
255. 255. 255. 192

Step 1:
Translate Host IP Address and Subnet Mask into binary notation
Step 2: Find the Subnet Address
138. 101. 114. 250
IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11111010
Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000
Network 10001010 01100101 01110010 11000000
138 101 114 192

Step 2:
Determine the Network (or Subnet) where this Host address lives:
1. Draw a line under the mask
2. Perform a bit-wise AND operation on the IP Address and the Subnet
Mask
Note: 1 AND 1 results in a 1, 0 AND anything results in a 0
3. Express the result in Dotted Decimal Notation
4. The result is the Subnet Address of this Subnet or “Wire” which is
138.101.114.192
Step 4: First Host / Last Host
G.D. S.D.

IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111010


Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11 000000
Network 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 000000
 subnet   host 
counting range counting
range

First Host 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 000001


138 101 114 193

Last Host 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111110


138 101 114 254

Broadcast 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111111


138 101 114 255

Host Portion
• Subnet Address: all 0’s
• First Host: all 0’s and a 1
• Last Host: all 1’s and a 0
• Broadcast: all 1’s
Step 5: Total Number of Subnets

IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111010


Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11 000000
Network 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 000000
 subnet   host 
counting range counting
range

• TotalFirst
number
Host of 10001010
subnets 01100101 01110010 11 000001
138 101 114 193
– Number of subnet bits 10
Last Host 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111110
– 210 = 1,024 138 101 114 254
– 1,024 total subnets
Broadcast 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111111
138 101 114 255
Step 6: Total Number of Hosts per Subnet
G.D. S.D.

IP Address 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111010


Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11 000000
Network 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 000000
 subnet   host 
counting range counting
range

• TotalFirst
number
Host of 10001010
hosts per subnet
01100101 01110010 11 000001
138 101 114 193
– Number of host bits 6
Last Host 10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111110
– 26 = 64 138 101 114 254
– 64Broadcast
host per subnets
10001010 01100101 01110010 11 111111
• Subtract one138 101
for the subnet address114 255

• Subtract one for the broadcast address


– 62 hosts per subnet

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