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Small Signal Operation Notes

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70 views40 pages

Small Signal Operation Notes

Uploaded by

vishnusreeboyilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Small - signal operation and

models of MOSFETs
The DC Bias Point
• DC Bias current ID is found as:

• DC voltage at drain, VDS or VD :

• To ensure saturation:
Signal current in the drain terminal
• Instantaneous gate – to – source voltage, with
Vgs applied is

• Resulting total instantaneous drain current, iD :

(eq1)
In order to reduce non linear distortion

Therefore

OR

IF THIS SMALL SIGNAL CONDITION IS SATISFIED,WE MAY NEGLECT THE LAST TERM IN EQ1
• Thus, defining transconductance gm :
Figure 5.35 Small-signal operation of the MOSFET amplifier.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
The Voltage Gain
• From the previous circuit diagram, the total
instantaneous drain voltage vD is:

• Under small signal condition:

• The signal component of this is –


• This gives the voltage gain Av as:
Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Separating dc analysis and the signal
analysis
• The analysis and design can be simplified by
separating dc or bias calculations from small-
signal calculations.
• That is, once a stable dc operating point has
been established, all dc quantities are
calculated.
• We then perform signal analysis ignoring dc
quantities.
Small signal equivalent circuit models
Transconductance gm
T equivalent circuit model
Development of T Equivalent Model
(a) The T model of the MOSFET augmented with the drain-to-source resistance ro. (b) An alternative representation of the T model.

Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
Single stage MOS amplifiers
The basic structure

Basic structure of the circuit used to realize single-stage, discrete-circuit MOS amplifier configurations.
Characterizing amplifiers

An amplifier fed with a voltage signal having a source resistance and feeding a load
resistance
Definitions

• Input resistance with no load


• Input resistance

• Open circuit voltage gain

• Voltage gain

• Short circuit current gain


• Current gain

• Short circuit trans conductance

• Output resistance of amplifier proper


(b) Determining the amplifier output resistance

• Output resistance
(c)

• Open circuit overall voltage gain

• Over all voltage gain


Equivalent circuits for the figures (a) , (b) and (c)
• Relationships
The CS amplifier

(a) Common-source amplifier (b) Equivalent circuit of the amplifier for small-signal analysis.
(c) Small-signal analysis performed directly on the amplifier circuit with
the MOSFET model implicitly utilized.
• At the input,
The CS amplifier with a source resistance

(a) Common-source amplifier with a resistance RS in the source lead. (b) Small-signal equivalent circuit with ro
neglected.
• From the above fig, in the case of a CS
amplifier,
• Output voltage

• Voltage gain

• Overall voltage gain


IC Biasing - Current sources, current mirror and current steering
circuits

The basic MOSFET current source

Circuit for a basic MOSFET constant-current source.


• For transistor

• Since the gate currents are zero,

• For transistor
Effect of on

Basic MOSFET current mirror.


Output characteristic of the current source and the current mirror for the case Q2 is matched to
Q1.
MOS current steering circuits

A current-steering circuit.
• To ensure operation in the saturation region,

• This mirror provides,

• To keep i n saturation, its drain voltage should be


Current mirror circuit with improved
performance - The Wilson current mirror

The Wilson bipolar current mirror: (a) circuit showing analysis to determine the current transfer ratio; and
(b) determining the output resistance. Note that the current ix that enters Q3 must equal the sum of the currents
that leave it, 2i.

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