TECHNOLOGY AND

LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
9

TECHNICAL DRAFTING
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the
learners are expected to:
1. Explain the theories and principles
of orthographic projection.
2. Identify the different views of
orthographic projection.
3. Draw different views of the given
pictorial drawing.
Match the pictorial drawing to its orthographic views.

1. 2. 3. 4.

A. B. C. D.
ESSENTIAL
QUESTIONS:
• What is orthographic
projection?
• What are the 6 principal
views in orthographic
projection?
• Why is it important to
understand orthographic
projection in mechanical
drafting?
 TYPES OF DRAWINGS
ALL DRAWINGS

ARTISTIC TECHNICAL

SKETCHES DIAGRAMS DRAWINGS

(conceptual) (design and technical) (technical/engineering)

SIMULATED
PERSPECTIVE

MULTIVIEW
OBLIQUE ISOMETRIC
(projection) (projection) (Orthographic)
Technical Drawing
PICTORIAL DRAWING – shows likeness
of an object as viewed by an observer. It
represents a portion of an object and
shows the method of its construction.
In some presentations, the whole
object is shown in one view.
• A system for graphical
representation of an
object by a line drawing
on a flat surface.
• A representation of a
separate views of an
object on a two-
dimensional surface. It
reveals the width, depth
and length of an object.
 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING
TOP VIEW
• It comes from the Greek
words “orthos” means
write and “graphos”
means to draw.
• One can develop
visualizing the views of an
object by imagining that
the object is enclosed in a
glass box.
FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW
• Each view is perpendicular and
aligned with the adjacent views
Planes of Projection

• Horizontal plane
• Frontal Plane
• Profile Plane
 Planes of
Projection 2nd
Quadrant
1st
Quadrant
Vertical
Plane
•The planes of projection join and form
quadrants. The quadrants are called first Horizontal
angle, second angle, third angle, and Plane Horizontal
fourth angle. The first and the third Plane
quadrants are used for drafting purposes.
Vertical
Plane
3rd 4th
Quadrant Quadrant
• The top of the object is projected down the
horizontal plane.
• The rear projects to the frontal plane.
• The object here would be facing the frontal plane.
• The top view of the object projects up to it, therefore the top
view is in the frontal plane.
• The object is behind the frontal plane. The front view of the
object projects forward to it, therefore the view is on the
frontal plane.
• The side of the object projects to the profile plane, therefore
the side view will be seen in the profile plane.
Overall Size of an Object

• Height is the
perpendicular
distance between
two horizontal
planes
Overall Size of an Object

• Width is the
perpendicular
distance between
the two profile
planes
Overall Size of an Object

• Depth is the
perpendicular
distance between
the two frontal
planes.
GROUP ACTIVITY. Each group will
be given a pictorial drawing and
draw in freehand the 6 principal
views of the given object in the
drawing paper.
Top
view

Left side Front Right side

Rear view view view view

Bottom
view
1 2

3 4
THREE (3) REGULAR VIEWS
TOP VIEW • It is drawn above the front view.
FRONT VIEW • It is drawn vertically aligned and
below the top view.
 • It is drawn at the right
RIGHT SIDE VIEW side and horizontally
aligned with the front
view.
INDIVIDUAL TASK: Draw the orthographic views of the following pictorial
drawing.
1. 2. 3.

4. 5.
 INDIVIDUAL TASK: Draw in freehand the orthographic views of the
TOP VIEW
following pictorial drawing.
1. 2. 3.
TOP VIEW TOP VIEW

FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW
FRONT VIEW
SIDE VIEW
TOP VIEW

TOP VIEW

4. 5.

FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW

FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW
 DIRECTION: Supply the missing view in the orthographic drawing below.

8. 9.
TOP
VIEW?

FRONT
VIEW?

10.

SIDE
VIEW?