Functions Tr Keena
Learning Objective:
• Define what is meant by a relation and a function
• Understand domain and range.
• Identify whether a set of ordered pairs defines a
function
• Identify and evaluate a linear functions
Introduction
• Relations and Functions in give us the relationship between any
two things.
Age Weigh
(years t (kg) An age of 10 years would have a weight of 31kg. An
) age of 16 years would have a weight of 53kg and so on.
10 31
This type of information represents a relation between
12 36
two sets of data.
14 48
16 53
We can also represent
{(10, 31), (12, 36), (14, 48), (16,
this information as a
53)}
set of ordered
pairs
Domain / Range /
Input Output
Age Weigh • The domain is referred to as the
(years t (kg) INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
)
• The range is referred to as the
10 31
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
12 36
14 48
16 53 Summary
• The domain = { 10, 12, 14, 16 }
Relation transforms elements of
one set into elements of another.
• The range = { 31, 36, 48, 53 }
Function if each input value of
this relation has exactly one output
Example 1: Identify if a set of pairs defines a
function
Which of the following relationships represents a function ?
Relation A Relation B
1 4 1
4 2 2
1 5 1
5 5
1 6 5
1
8
2 7 8
2
6
1
2 8 1
2
4 4
Answer: Relation B
Remember that a function is a formula which each input has one
output!
Linear Hey, I want to
hire you to
RM10 service
Functions clean my
house. What is
charge and another
RM5 per hour.
Imagine that we have booked a cleaner for a your rate?
job.
The total amount that the cleaner will charge
is a function of the number of hours they
work.
Using 𝑥 to represent the total number of
hours spent working and 𝑦 to represent the
total cost, in RM, the linear equation is:
y = 10 + 5x
the linear equation
can be written can
be in linear function
as:
Since 𝑥 is the input to the function, the value
𝑓(8) = 10 +
Calculation
of the function for a certain number can be
variable 𝑥.
found by substituting that number for the 5(8)
= 10 +
For example, if she work for 8
40
is found by substituting 𝑥 = 8:
hours, the total cost of the gardener
= 50
So, 𝑓(8) = 50.
Example 2: Evaluating a Linear Function at a
Given Point
Evaluate 𝑓(2), given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 7.
Answer
𝑓(2) = 3(2) +
• To find the value of a function Calculation
for a certain number, we
substitute that number for the
variable. 7
=6+7
function is 𝑥.
• In this case, the variable of the
= 13
So, 𝑓(2) = 13.
• Hence, 𝑓(2) is found by
substituting 𝑥=2 into the
expression 3𝑥+7
Example 3: Evaluating a Linear Function at a
Given Point
For the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 5, evaluate:
i) f(2) ii) f(0) iii) f(−2)
Calculations
𝑓(2) =
: 3(2) − 5 𝑓(0) = 3(0) − 5 𝑓(−2) = 3(−2) −
=6−5 =0−5 5
=1 =−5 =−6−5
So, 𝑓(2) = 1. So, 𝑓(0) = − 5.
= − 11
So, 𝑓(−2) = −
11.
Example 4: Evaluating a Linear Function
If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4, write the following in their simplest
form:
i) f(x + 1) ii) f(2x – 1 )
Calculations
𝑓(x +: 1) = (x + 𝑓(2x − 1 ) = (2x −
1) + 4 1) + 4
=x+ = 2x
5 +3
So, 𝑓(x + 1) = x So, 𝑓(2x − 1 ) = 2x
+5 +3
Exercise 20.1 and 20.2 (from textbook page
240)
Exercise 20.4 (from textbook
page 241)
