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Unit-II Part-3

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5 views14 pages

Unit-II Part-3

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tv5874
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School of Computing Science and Engineering

Course Code: E2UC101C Course Name: Programming for Problem Solving

UNIT 2
CONSTRUCTS OF C

Datatypes and storage classes

Name of the Faculty: Tarachand Verma Program Name: B.Tech (CSE)


Recapitulations

 Process of writing a C program


 C Character Set
 C Tokens
 Keywords
 Identifiers/Variables
 Constants
 Datatypes in C
Objectives

 Datatypes revisited
 long
 short
 signed
 unsigned
 Storage classes
 auto
 register
 extern
 static
Datatypes Revisited

Integers, long and short


 C offers a variation to integer data by using keywords – long and short.
 Based on the 16-bit or 32-bit compiler, the size of each varies as below:
 Some generic rules:
 short is at least 2 bytes big. Compiler short int long
 long is atleast 4 bytes big. 16-bit (Turbo C/C++) 2 2 4
 short is never bigger than int. 32-bit (Visual C++) 2 4 4
 int is never bigger than long.
 Declarations:
 long int i;
 long abc;
 short int j;
 short xyz;
Datatypes Revisited

Integers, signed and unsigned


 When value stored by integer is always positive, we can use keyword unsigned as:
unsigned int num_students;
unsigned i;
 With above declaration, the permissible range of integer values for 16-bit compiler will
shift from -32768 to +32767 to range 0 to 65535.

Chars, signed and unsigned


 unsigned and signed char, both occupy 1 byte each.
 signed char has a range from -128 to 127 whereas unsigned char has range from 0
to 255.
Datatypes Revisited

Float, Double and long


 float occupies 4 bytes in memory ranging from -3.4e38 to +3.4e38.
 double occupies 8 bytes in memory ranging from -1.7e308 to +1.7e308.
 If situation demands even a bigger range then long double can be used to obtain
range of -1.7e4932 to +1.7e4932.
 long double occupies 10 bytes in memory.
Storage Classes

 A variable’s storage class tells us:


 where the variable would be stored.
 what will be the initial value or default value.
 what is the scope of the variable i.e. in which functions the value of the variable would be available.
 what is the life of variable i.e. how long would the variable exist.

 There are four storage classes in C:


 Automatic storage class
 Register storage class
 Static storage class
 External storage class
Automatic Storage Class

 This is the default storage class.


 The details are as follows:
 Storage - Memory
 Default initial value - Garbage value (unpredictible)
 Scope - Local to the block in which variable is defined
 Life - Till control remains within the block in which variable is defined.
 Keyword - auto

 Declaration is done as:


auto int i,j;
Register Storage Class

 This stores the data in CPU registers.


 Since registers are limited, if a CPU register is unavailable, the data is stored as
auto despite being declared with register storage class.
 The details are as follows:
 Storage - CPU registers
 Default initial value - Garbage value (unpredictible)
 Scope - Local to the block in which variable is defined
 Life - Till control remains within the block in which variable is defined.
 Keyword - register

 Declaration is done as:


register int i,j;
External Storage Class

 They are declared outside all functions.


 They are available to all the functions that wish to use them..
 The details are as follows:
 Storage - Memory
 Default initial value - Zero
 Scope - Global
 Life - As long as the program’s execution doesn’t come to an end.
 Keyword - extern

 Declaration is done as:


extern int i;
Static Storage Class

 This hold the value in between function calls.


 Useful as counters.
 The details are as follows:
 Storage - Memory
 Default initial value - Zero
 Scope - Local to the block in which variable is defined
 Life - Value of the variable persists between different function calls.
 Keyword - static

 Declaration is done as:


static int i,j;
Static Storage Class

Static Example Non-static example

OUTPUT: 1 2 OUTPUT: 1 1
References

 Let us C by Yashwant Kanetkar


 EzEd Channel
 TutorialPoint
 Geeksforgeeks.org
Thank you!!!

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