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13 views15 pages

Demo

Uploaded by

Hazey Pangan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Good Morning!

A. Determine the meaning of variables and


level of measurement
B. Appreciating the importance of research
related to classification of variables and
levels of measurement by citing examples
C. Create a written output through a group
activity
Classification of Variables
Levels/Scales of
Measurements
Hazel Krinezza M. Pangan, LPT
Variables

It is the characteristics property of an individual


population unit. The name variable was derived
from the fact that any particular characteristic vary
among the units in the population. (length, age,
weight, temperature)
Level of Measurement

It describes the nature of the information within the


values assigned to the variables.
Classification of Variables

Categorical Random Variables (Qualitative)


- variables that take the form of an attribute or category which yield
categorical responses such as yes or no, race, religion, educational
attainment…etc.
Ex. Do you currently own any stocks or bonds? Yes_ No_
Numerical Random Variables (Quantitative )
- yield numerical responses
Two types of Numerical Random Variables:
1. Discrete – a variable whose value can be counted using integral
values (Examples: number of enrollees, dropouts, graduates in a
certain college,….)
2. Continuous- a variable that can assume any numerical value over an
interval or intervals. (Ex. Height, weight, temperature,….)
Variables are also classified as:
Independent variable – a controlling factor or the
predictor.
Dependent variable – a variable whose value is
being predicted or the variable supposedly
dependent on controlling factors.
Dependent Variable Independent Variable

1. Performance in Academic a. Studying Habits

Subjects b. Amount of Time for Studying

c. Teaching Methodology

d. Attitude

e. Health

f. Educational level of Trainor

2. Effectiveness of a Training g. IQ of Participants

Program h. Length of Program


Nominal – uses numbers for the purpose of identifying membership in a group or

category. The data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme.


 Genre of Movies (comedy, adventure,…)
Gender ( male, female)
Type of Disease
Blood Groups ( A,B, AB or O)
 Are you likely to buy additional merchandise through Company X in the
next 12 months?: Yes___ No_____
Ordinal – incorporates the classifying and labeling function of the nominal scale, but
in addition brings to it a sense of order. Ordinal numbers are used to indicate a
rank order, but nothing more.
Ex. Categories of patients age (child, teen, adult, older adult, elderly, older elderly, frail
elderly)
Good, better, best
Movies: Star Wars – 4 stars
Godzilla - 3 stars
 How do you rate the overall service provided by
the company with respect to your recent purchase?
o Much better than expected
o Better than expected
o Worst than expected
o Much worse than expected
Interval – as the term implies, in addition to rank ordering data, the interval scale
allows the recognition of precisely how far apart are the units on the scale. Interval
scales permit certain mathematical procedure untenable in the nominal and ordinal
levels. A characteristic of interval scale is that it has no absolute zero.
Ex. temperature. Time
Ratio – is the highest level of measurement, which incorporates the properties
of the interval, ordinal and nominal scales. A ratio scale includes an absolute zero, it
gives a rank ordering, and it can be simply applied for labeling purposes. Because
there is an absolute zero, all the mathematical procedures of addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division are possible.
Ex. measurements of heights, weights …
Ex. Indicate the number of days it took from the time you ordered
your merchandise to the time you received it.___
How much money (in ₱) do you expect to spend on a laptop in the
next 12 months? ________
Your merchandise to the time you received it.___
How much money (in ₱) do you expect to spend on a laptop in the
next 12 months? ________
ACTIVITY

Enumerate 5 examples of dependent variables


that can be used in research. After that, list at
least 5 independent variables related to the other
variables. Write the answer in a ½ sheet of paper.
10 minutes will be given to finish the said activity.
EVALUATION

Choose two (2) among the level of measurements.


Afterwards, explain them in your words in 10
sentences only. Write the answer in a one whole
sheet of paper.

Criteria:
Content- 5
Relevance to the topic- 5
Creativity-5
ASSIGNMENT

Browse one (1) qualitative research and one (1)


quantitative research in the internet. Print them.

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