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Mathematical Language

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15 views22 pages

Mathematical Language

Uploaded by

dhezamae14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical

Language and
Symbol
Lesson Objectives
1. Discuss the language, symbols, and
conventions of mathematics.

2. Explain the nature of mathematics as


a language.

3. Perform operations on mathematical


operations correctly.
Introduction

According to Cambridge English Dictionary, a language is a


system of communication consisting of sounds, words and
grammar, or the system of communication used by people in
a particular country or type of work.

Did you know that mathematics is a language in itself?


“Five added by three is
eight”
5 + 3 = 8

Here, the first statement is in a form of group of words while


the translation is in a form of symbol which has the same
meaning.
Did you understand what these
symbols are?

∀𝜀>0,∃𝛿>0→|𝑥−𝑎|<𝛿,|𝑓 ( 𝑥 ) −𝐿|<𝜀,𝑥𝜖𝑅
The language of mathematics, like any other languages,
can be learned; once learned, it allows us to see
fascinating things and provides us an advantage to
comprehend and exploit the beauty of beneath and
beyond.
Importance of Language

o Language was invented


to communicate ideas.
o The language of
mathematics was
designed so we can write
numbers, sets, functions,
and perform operations.
Commonly Used Symbols
Ten digits Sets Variables
0, 1, 2, ... 9 a, b, c, x, y

Operations Special symbols Logic


symbols

Set notations
N, W, Z, Q, R, C
Remember This!
 = the set of natural numbers
 = the set of whole numbers
 = the set of integers
 the set of rational numbers
 the set of irrational numbers
 the set of real numbers
 the set of complex numbers
Difficulties in Mathematics
1. The word “and” means differently in
Mathematics from its English use. In
Mathematics, “and” is equivalent to
“plus.”

English Mathematics
x and y
one and four
Difficulties in Mathematics
2. The different uses of a number: to
express quantity (cardinal), to indicate
the order (ordinal) and as a label
(nominal).

Cardinal
How many siblings do you have? If your answer is 5, 13, 1,
or even 0, you are expressing quantity or the number of
brothers and sisters you have. Your answer is the first use
of number. To simply count.
Difficulties in Mathematics
2. The different uses of a number: to
express quantity (cardinal), to indicate
the order (ordinal) and as a label
(nominal).

Ordinal
I’ve been in Manila for 3 days and the third day was the best day of my
stay. Three and third are two different numbers. Three is cardinal,
while third is ordinal. The word third which can also be written as 3rd is
the second use of number. It indicates order.
Difficulties in Mathematics
2. The different uses of a number: to
express quantity (cardinal), to indicate
the order (ordinal) and as a label
(nominal).

Nominal
Say your ID number is 21673. Then, that 21673. Then, that 21673 is
you, for it represents you in your school. Another example is the zip
code. Philippines’ zip code is 5200. So, someone who is familiar with
that might say “Pinoy ka rin?”. Numbers sometimes serve as name.
Difficulties in Mathematics
3. The word “is” may be represented in
mathematics using different symbols.

Example
a) 5 is the square root of 25
b) 5 is less than 10
c) 5 is a prime number
Difficulties in Mathematics
4. Mathematical objects may be
represented in many ways.

Example
a) Numbers d) Vectors
b) Sets e) Functions
c) Matrices
Characteristics of the
Mathematics Language
Precise Able to make very fine distinction

Concis Able to say things briefly


e

Powerf Able to express complex thoughts


ul with relative ease
Vocabulary vs Sentences vs
Expressions
Every language has its vocabulary (the
words), and its rules for combining these
words into complete thoughts (the
sentences). Mathematics is no exception. As
a first step in discussing the mathematical
language, we will make a very broad
classification between the “nouns” of
mathematics (used to name
mathematical objects of interest) and the
“sentences of mathematics (which state
complete mathematical thought).
Vocabulary vs Sentences vs
Expressions
The mathematical analogue of a
“noun” will be called an expression.
Thus, an expression is a name given
to a mathematical object of interest.
The mathematical analogue of a
“sentence” will also be called a
sentence. A mathematical
sentence, just as an English
sentence, must state a complete
thought.
Example
ENGLISH MATHEMATICS

NOUN (person, place,


EXPRESSION
name given to an thing)
object of interest Ex: Carl, Venice,
Ex:
Cassy

SENTENCE SENTENCE
Ex: Manila is the
complete thought
capital of the Ex:
Philippines.
Vocabulary vs Sentences vs
Expressions
Some ideas regarding sentences are explored.
Just as English sentences have verbs, so do
mathematical sentences. In mathematical
sentence “”, the verb is “=“.

a) The Capital of the Philippines is Manila.


b) Chocolate Hills is in Bohol.
Connectives

A question commonly
encountered, when
presenting the sentence
example is that; if = is
the verb, then what is +?
Example
ENGLISH MATHEMATICS

NOUN (person, place,


EXPRESSION
name given to an thing)
object of interest Ex: Carl, Venice,
Ex:
Cassy

SENTENCE SENTENCE
Ex: Manila is the
complete thought
capital of the Ex:
Philippines.

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