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Microprocessor Instruments

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manoj
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15 views8 pages

Microprocessor Instruments

Uploaded by

manoj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Microprocessor instruments

Overview

1. Basic Concept

2. Classification

3. Construction

4. Working principle

5. Application
Basic Concept

Microprocessor-based instruments use a


microprocessor (or microcontroller) as the core
processing unit to perform measurement, control, and
data analysis functions in various applications.

Key Features:

Integration of digital processing with analog inputs for


accurate measurements.
Versatility in control and automation tasks.
Compact, efficient, and user-friendly.
Classification
Based on Functionality:

Measurement Instruments:
Instruments used to measure physical quantities like temperature, pressure, voltage, current, etc.
Examples: Digital Thermometers, Digital Multimeters.

Control Instruments:
Instruments used for controlling processes or devices. Examples: Microprocessor-based Controllers
in industrial automation.
Based on Application Area:

Test Instruments:
Used in laboratories or for testing electronic devices, e.g., oscilloscopes, signal generators.
Process Control Instruments:
Based on Complexity:
Simple Instruments:
Used for basic measurements or control, with limited user interface.
Advanced Instruments:
Includes features like graphical displays, network connectivity, and advanced data analysis.
Construction

Main Components:
Microprocessor or Microcontroller:
Acts as the brain, controlling and processing data. Performs calculations and instructions
based on inputs.
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC):
Converts real-world analog signals (such as voltage, temperature) into digital format for
processing.
Memory (RAM/ROM):
Stores data, programs, and intermediate processing results.
Input/Output Interface:
Connects the instrument to sensors, actuators, and the user interface (display, buttons,
etc.).
Display Unit:
Shows the processed results or measurements (e.g., LCD, LED display).
Power Supply:
Provides the necessary power to operate the microprocessor and other components..
Construction
Working Principle

Data Acquisition:
•Sensors or input devices capture physical parameters like temperature, pressure, or
voltage.
•The analog signals are sent to the Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) for digitization.

Processing:
•The microprocessor receives the digital data from the ADC and processes it according to
the program or algorithm stored in its memory (ROM).
•Based on the processed data, the microprocessor may output results or perform control
actions.

Output:
•The result is sent to the display unit for visualization.
•In control systems, the microprocessor might send signals to actuators to control
processes (e.g., turning on a motor, adjusting a valve).

Feedback Loop (in control systems):


•The system continuously measures the output, compares it with desired values, and
adjusts controls for optimal performance.
Applications

 Measurement and Testing Instruments:.

 HVAC Systems.

 Automotive Industry.

 Aerospace.

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