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Templates

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9 views21 pages

Templates

dsa notes

Uploaded by

Vishal Patel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Templates

Template
It is an approach where generic types are used
as parameters in algorithms so that they work
for a variety of suitable data types and data
structures.
• Generic classes
• Generic functions
Templates
• Class template- For eg. An array class for
multiple data types(int , float etc.).

• Function template- For eg. A function mul()


for multiplying int, float, double data types.
Templates
• A template is a mechanism that allows you to
create functions and classes that can be
reused with every data types.

• Template is defined with a parameter that


would be replaced, the templates are
sometimes called as parameterized classes or
functions.
Example
• To add 2 no.(2 int, 2 float, 2 double)
• One method can be – define a different
function for each
• Second method can be- define a template
with generic datatype as parameter
Syntax of class Template
template<class T>
Class classname
{
//……………
//Class member specification with
//anonymous type T
//wherever appropriate.
……………
};

T may be substituted by any datatype including user


defined datatypes.
Class Template example
• // class templates
• #include <iostream.h>
• template <class T>
• class pair
• {
• T value1, value2;
• public: pair (T first, T second)
• {value1=first;
• value2=second;
• }
• T getmax ();
• };
• template <class T>
• T pair<T>::getmax ()
• { T retval;
• retval = value1>value2? value1 : value2; return retval;
• }
• int main ()
• { pair <int> myobject (100, 75);
• cout << myobject.getmax();
• return 0; }
Class template with multiple
parameters
Template <class T1, class T2,….>
Class classname
{
……..
………(body of the class)
};
Two generic data types in a class
#include<iostream> main()
template<class T1, class T2> {
Class display display <float,int>d1(1.23,12);
{
T1 a;
display <int ,char> d2(20, ‘z’);
T2 b; d1.show();
Public: d2.show();
display(T1 x, T2 y) };
{ a=x;
b=y;}
Output:
Void show()
{ cout<<a<<“and”<<b;} 1.23 and 12
}; 20 and z
Function Templates
Template <class T>
returntype functionname(arguments of type t )
{
// body of function with type T
………..
}
Example
Template <Class T> Void f(int m, int n,float
Void swap(T& x , T& y) a,float b)
{
{
Swap(m,n);
T temp= x;
Swap(a,b);
X=y;
}
Y= temp; main()
} {
f(2,3,3.1,4.2);
}
Example of function template
#include <iostream.h> cout<<a and b before
Template<class T> swap:<<a<<“”<<b;
Void swap(T &x, T &y) swap(a,b);
{ cout<< a and b after
swap:<<a<<“”<<b;
T temp= x;
}
x=y;
Int main()
y= temp;
{
}
fun(10,30,23.32,45.32);
Void fun(int m, int n,float a, float
b) Return 0;
{ }
cout<<m and n before
swap:<<m<<“”<<n;
swap(m,n);
cout<< m and n after
swap:<<m<<“”<<n;
Function templates with multiple parameters

Template<class T1,class T2,…..>


returntype functionname(arguments of type t1,t2,…..)
{
//………
//body of the function
//……..
}
Function with two generic types
#include<iostream.h> Int main()
#include <conio.h> {
Template<class T1,class display(10,25.34);
T2> display(‘a’,200);
Void display(T1 x, T2 y) return 0;
{ }
Cout<<x<<“”<<y<<“\n”;
}
Overloading of template functions
• A template function may be overloaded either
by a template function or ordinary function.
• Overloading resolution is accomplished as:
– Call ordinary function that has an exact match.
– Call a template function that could be created
with an exact match.
Overloading of template function
#include<iostream.h> Int main()
#include<conio.h> {
Template<class T> display(100);
Void display(T x) display(56.78);
{ display(‘a’);
cout<<“Template return 0;
display”<<x<<“\n”; }
}
Void display(int x)
{
cout<<“Explicit
display<<x<<“\n”;
}
Member function templates

Template <class T>


returntype classname<T>::functionname(argument_list)
{
//……
//function body
//……
}
Non- Type Template Arguments
• In addition to type T array<int,10> a1;
arguments, we can also array<float,5> a2;
use other arguments like
int, char etc. array <char,50> a3;

Template <class T, int size>


Class array
{
T a[size];
//………
//………
};

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