lecture - 2-System Engineering
lecture - 2-System Engineering
Week 2
System Engineering
D.M.K.D.Dissanayake
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SYSTEM
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What is a System?
Definition of a System
(NASA Systems Engineering Handbook)
• A system is a set of interrelated components which
interact with one another in an organized fashion toward
a common purpose.
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What is a System?
• A system can be NATURAL or ENGINEERED.
• Example of a natural system is our solar system.
• Engineered systems are designed and built to satisfy
human needs.(example wireless telephone network,
power generation plants and our highways)
• From a functional viewpoint systems have inputs,
processes and outputs.
• Feedback is a mechanism to compare goals and outputs.
• Systems have boundaries.
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What is a System?
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System
A system that includes software falls into two categories:
• Technical Computer-based system (They include h/w and
s/w – Example mobile phones, TV)
• They use it for some purpose, knowledge of the purpose is
not important.
Socio-technical systems
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COMPUTER-BASED SYSTEM
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Computer-based System
Definition
The computer-based system as a set or arrangement of
elements that are organized to a some predefined goal by
processing information
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Computer-based System
A computer-based system makes use of the following four
system elements that combine in a variety of ways to
transform information.
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What is Systems Engineering?
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What is Systems Engineering?
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Systems Engineering and Traditional Engineering
Disciplines
• Systems engineering differs from mechanical, electrical,
and other engineering disciplines in several important
ways
• Systems engineering is focused on the system as a whole
• It is focused on its total operation.
• It looks at the system from the outside, that is, at its
interactions with other systems and the environment, as
well as from the inside.
• While the primary purpose of systems engineering is to
guide, this does not mean that systems engineers do not
themselves play a key role in system design.
• Systems engineering bridges the traditional engineering
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disciplines.
System Engineering Process
Disciplines involved in System Engineering
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Systems Engineering Process
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Systems Engineering Process
1. System Requirement definition
It specifies what the system should do by consulting end
users and the customers of the system.
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Systems Engineering Process
Systems Engineering Process
2. System design
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Systems Engineering Process
2. System design
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Systems Engineering Process
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Systems Engineering Process
Architecture model
It is detailed design of the entire system
It shows flows between sub systems.
It is presented in the form of block diagram
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Systems Engineering
System engineering may take on two different forms
depending on the application domain
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The System Engineering Hierarchy
• Regardless of its domain of focus, system engineering
encompasses a collection of top-down and bottom-up
methods to navigate the hierarchy.
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The System Engineering Hierarchy
World View
Domain View
Element View
Component View
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The System Engineering Hierarchy
• The system engineering process begins with a world view; the
business or product domain is examined to ensure that the
proper business or technology context can be established.
• The world view is refined to focus on a specific domain of
interest
• Within a specific domain, the need for targeted system elements
is analyzed
• Finally, the analysis, design, and construction of a targeted
system element are initiated
• At the world view level, a very broad context is established
• At the bottom level, detailed technical activities are conducted
by the relevant engineering discipline (e.g., software engineering)
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BUSINESS PROCESS ENGINEERING
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Business Process Engineering
• “Business process” engineering defines architectures that
will enable a business to use information effectively
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Business Process Engineering
Three different architectures must be analysed and designed
within the context of business objectives and goals:
oData architecture
o applications architecture
o technology infrastructure
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Business Process Engineering
• The data architecture provides a framework for the
information needs of a business or business function.
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PRODUCT ENGINEERING
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Product Engineering
• Product engineering translates the customer's desire for a
set of defined capabilities into a working product
• It achieves this goal by establishing a product architecture
and a support infrastructure
• Product architecture components consist of people,
hardware, software, and data
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Product Engineering
• Requirements engineering elicits the requirements from the customer
and allocates function and behavior to each of the four components
• System component engineering happens next as a set of concurrent
activities that address each of the components separately
• Each component takes a domain-specific view but maintains
communication with the other domains
• The actual activities of the engineering discipline takes on an element
view
• Analysis modeling allocates requirements into function, data, and
behavior
• Design modeling maps the analysis model into data/class, architectural,
interface, and component design
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Product Engineering
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SYSTEMS MODELLING
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The Systems Modelling
• Defines the processes (e.g., domain classes in OO
terminology) that serve the needs of the view under
consideration
• Represents the behavior of the processes and the
assumptions on which the behavior is based
• Explicitly defines intra-level and inter-level input that
form links between entities in the model
• Represents all linkages (including output) that will enable
the engineer to better understand the view
• May result in models that call for one of the following
o Completely automated solution
o A semi-automated solution
o A non-automated (i.e., manual) approach 44
The Systems Modelling
• System engineering is a modelling process.
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The Systems Modelling
Assumptions: These reduce the number of possible variations,
thus enabling a model to reflect the problem in a reasonable
manner
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Summary
-A system is a set of interrelated components which
interact with one another in an organized fashion
toward a common purpose.