Artificial Intelligence (AI)

3170716

Unit-1:

Introduction

Prof. Arjun Jadhaw

CSE/IT Department

[email protected]
9165798949
 Looping
Outline
 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI)
 Applications of AI
Introduction to AI
What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

AI is the science and

engineering of making
intelligent machines,
especially intelligent
computer programs (1956).

John McCarthy
(the father of Artificial
Intelligence)

 AI is a branch of computer science dealing with the simulation of

intelligent behavior in computers.
 AI is the study of how to make computers do things which, at the moment,
people do better.
 AI is, the study and design of intelligent agents where an intelligent agent
is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions.
Turing Test  Acting Humanly: The Turing Test
proposed by Alan Turing (1950)
 A Turing Test is a method of inquiry
for determining whether or not a
computer is capable of thinking like
a human being.
 The interrogator job is to try and
figure out which one is human and
which one is computer by asking
questions to both of them.
 The computer would try to remain
indistinguishable from human as
much as possible
AI Techniques
 There are three important AI techniques:
1. Search –
 Provides a way of solving problems for which no direct approach is available.
 It also provides a framework into which any direct techniques that are available can
be embedded.
2. Use of knowledge –
 Provides a way of solving complex problems by exploiting the structure of the objects
that are involved.
3. Abstraction –
 Provides a way of separating important features and variations from many
unimportant ones that would otherwise overwhelm any process.
Task Domains of AI
Mundane tasks Formal tasks Expert tasks
Perception Games Engineering
 Computer Vision  Go  Design
 Speech, Voice  Chess (Deep Blue)  Fault Finding
 Ckeckers  Manufacturing
 Monitoring
Natural Language Mathematics Scientific Analysis
Processing  Geometry
 Understanding  Logic
 Language Generation  Integration and
 Language Translation Differentiation
Common Sense Reasoning Theorem Proving Financial Analysis
Planning Medical Diagnosis
Robot Control
History of AI
Application Domains of
AI
Natural Language Processing
Email Spam Filter in Neural Network
Gmail
Image Processing
Face Detection in
Deep Learning
Camera
Speech Recognition
Voice Technology in
Deep Learning
Virtual Agents
Data Mining
Market Basket
Product
Analysis
recommendation
Expert System

IBM Watson Reinforcement Learning

Robotics

Home Automation Deep Learning

Scheduling

Resource Aurora - Advanced

Intelligent Planning and
Scheduling
Scheduling Solution
Optimization
Shortest Path Google map path
planner
Game Playing

Alpha Go Deep Neural Network

Virtual Agents

Chatbots Conversational AI
Personalized Recommender Systems
Online Shopping Machine Learning
Automated Control Systems

Washing Machine Fuzzy Logic

Security

NVIDIA Metropolis Machine Learning

Artificial Agent
 Artificial Agent: In artificial intelligence, an agent is a computer program
or system that is designed to perceive its environment, make decisions
and take actions to achieve a specific goal or set of goals. The agent
operates autonomously, meaning it is not directly controlled by a human
operator.

 Agents can be classified into different types based on their characteristics,

such as whether they are reactive or proactive, whether they have a fixed
or dynamic environment, and whether they are single or multi-agent
systems.
Structure of an AI Agent
Structure of an AI Agent
 To understand the structure of Intelligent Agents, we should be familiar
with Architecture and Agent programs.

 Architecture is the machinery that the agent executes on. It is a device

with sensors and actuators, for example, a robotic car, a camera, and a
PC.

 An agent program is an implementation of an agent function.

 An agent function is a map from the percept sequence(history of all that

an agent has perceived to date) to an action.

 Agent = Architecture + Agent Program

Example of an AI Agent
 There are many examples of agents in artificial intelligence. Here are a
few:

 Intelligent personal assistants: These are agents that are designed to

help users with various tasks, such as scheduling appointments, sending
messages, and setting reminders. Examples of intelligent personal
assistants include Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant.

 Autonomous robots: These are agents that are designed to operate

autonomously in the physical world. They can perform tasks such as
cleaning, sorting, and delivering goods. Examples of autonomous robots
include the Roomba vacuum cleaner and the Amazon delivery robot.
Example of an AI Agent
 Gaming agents: These are agents that are designed to play games,
either against human opponents or other agents. Examples of gaming
agents include chess-playing agents and poker-playing agents.

 Fraud detection agents: These are agents that are designed to detect
fraudulent behavior in financial transactions. They can analyze patterns of
behavior to identify suspicious activity and alert authorities. Examples of
fraud detection agents include those used by banks and credit card
companies.

 Traffic management agents: These are agents that are designed to

manage traffic flow in cities. They can monitor traffic patterns, adjust
Example of an AI Agent
 A software agent has Keystrokes, file contents, received network
packages that act as sensors and displays on the screen, files, and sent
network packets acting as actuators.

 A Human-agent has eyes, ears, and other organs which act as sensors,
and hands, legs, mouth, and other body parts act as actuators.

 A Robotic agent has Cameras and infrared range finders which act as
sensors and various motors act as actuators.
Continue…….
Types of Agents
 Agents can be grouped into five classes based on their degree of
perceived intelligence and capability:

 Simple Reflex Agents

 Model-Based Reflex Agents

 Goal-Based Agents

 Utility-Based Agents

 Learning Agent

 Multi-agent systems

 Hierarchical agents
AI – ML – DL and Data Science
Technique that enables
machines to mimic
human behavior
AI
Subset of AI which
Machine uses statistical
Learnin methods to enable
Data g machine to learn and
improve with time
Scienc
e
Deep Subset of ML that
Learnin includes algorithms
and enables system
g
to train itself
Assignment - 1  Write a program to implement Tic-
Tac-Toe game problem.
Thank You!