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Lab 3

operating system

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Belete Siyum
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19 views25 pages

Lab 3

operating system

Uploaded by

Belete Siyum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Shell programming

► Unix shell program interprets user commands


► Which are directly entered by the user or
► Can read from the file

► In order to execute shell script programs you don’t need

to compiled.
► There are different types of shells

► To check that open your terminal To check


available shells
supported by
your OS
Introduction to Shell programming

► bashwe are going to use


► To know where your bash is located -> which bash
Introduction to Shell programming (cont’d)

► First shell program


► First.sh -> touch first.sh

► When you write a shell program at the very beginning of


the program you should write
► #! /bin/bash
whi s
cate

are you
bash ch

g
usi n
In d i
Introduction to Shell programming (cont’d)

► First shell program

To execute ./first.sh
Introduction to Shell programming (cont’d)

► If there is no permission to execute Permission


► Solution: add execute permission denied
► How?
Add execute
chmod +x name.sh permission to the
script
Introduction to Shell programming (cont’d)

1 rwx: read, write, execute permission for user


► st

►2nd rwx: read, write, execute permission for group

► 3rd r-x: read, execute permission for other user


Shell programming: Variables & Comments

► Comments are lines of code, which are not executed by a


script
► You can add comment adding #
►Example : # comment section
► Variables are a container which can store data inside
► There are two types of variables
► System variables: maintained by the OS
►By convention written by Capital letters e.g. $BASH
Shell programming: Variables & Comments

System variables
Shell programming: Variables & Comments
► User defined variables: maintained by the user
► By convention written by small letters , but there is no strict rules

User variables
Shell programming: Read input from keyboard

► Use read command


Syntax: read variable_name1 variable_name2, variable_namen

Example
Shell programming: Read input from keyboard
► Accept the input the same line with instruction string
► Use –p flag before the variable name

Syntax: read –p variable_name

► Example

# Read the input on the same prompt as echo string


Shell programming: Read input from keyboard
► Accept the input Silently (e.g. Password)
► Use –s flag before the variable name

Syntax: read –s variable_name

Example

# Accept the input silently


# Output
Shell programming: Read input from keyboard

Read an array from the keyboard


► Use –a flag before the variable name
Syntax: read –a variable_name
Example

# Read an array
Shell programming: Read input from keyboard

Read without variable name


Syntax: read
Example

# Read input without variable name

# Output
Shell programming: Integer comparison
► There are two ways of integer comparison in shell
scripting
i. Using Square bracket []
► -eq : equals to
► -ne : not equal to
► -gt : grater than
► -ge : greater than or equal to
► -lt : less than
► -le : less than or equal to
Shell programming: Integer comparison

ii. Using double parenthesis (( ))


► < : less than
► <= : less than or equal to
► > : greater than
► >= : greater than or equal to
Shell programming: String comparison

ii. Both using single and double square bracket


► = : equals to
► == : equals to
► != : not equal to
► < : less than, in ASCII alphabetic order,
► > : greater than, in ASCII alphabetic order
► >= : greater than or equal to
► Note: > and < use double square bracket
Arithmetic operations

There are some ways to perform arithmetic operation in


shell scripting
►Using double parenthesis {i.e. (()) }
► Using expr command
► Using bc command
►Etc.
Arithmetic operations: Using double parenthesis

► Using double parenthesis {i.e. (()) }


Arithmetic operations: Using expr command

►Using expr command


Statements: if then statement

If [condition]
then
Syntax Statements
fi

Example

Output
Statements: if then statement

Example
Statements: if then else statement
If [condition]
then
Statements
Syntax else
statements
fi
Example

Out
Statements : if then else statement

Example
Statements: If then else statements

Example

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