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GENETICALLY
MODIFIED ORGANISM (GMO) WELCOME TO OUR LESSON
Today, we'll explore how technology has reshaped
the way humans live. LEARNING • Understand what GMO means, it’s purpose and its OBJECTIVES historical timeline.
• Explore the reason why GMO
was created and its impact.
• Analyze the GMO in the
Philippines and the common examples of GMO.
• Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of GMO WHAT IS GMO
GMO or the Gentically Modefied Organisms
Genetically- refers to the genes or DNA
Modefied- the changes or change from its original state to a new state
Organisms- any living
thing including animals, fungi in other words any living organisms. GENETICALLY MODEFIED ORGANISMS A GMO is an organisms or microorganisms whose genetic material has been altered to contain a segment of DNA from another organism. Modern recombinant DNA technology enables the “stitching together” of pieces of DNA, regardless of the source of the pieces. PURPOSE OF GMO
There are many positive purpose with the
creation of GMO’s. One being to develop the GMO crops with pest resistant traits, and/or crops that are resistant to low cost, environmentally safer herbicides. 3 PURPOSES OF GMO
TO MAKE COPIES OF GENES OR PROTEINS
TO DETERMINE GENE FUNCTIONS
TO CREATE MODELS FOR HUMAN DISEASE TIMELINE OF GMO’S HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
CIRCA Human use traditional modification 8000 BCE like breeding and crossbreeding
186 Two Different Peas
6 HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
The first hybrid corn is produced
192 and sold 2
194 Chemicals to randomly change an
0 organism's DNA HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
195 Identified structure of DNA 3
The two scientist developed a method to
1973 very specifically cut out a gene from one organism and paste it into another. HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
197 Introducing foreign DNA into mouse
embryos. 4
GMO tools that could both be useful
198 and profitable. 0 HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
approved the first human
1982 medication produced by genetically modified organism.
198 Regulation of 6 Biotechnology HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
The first field experiments of food crops that had
198 been genetiacally modified using recombinant DNA technology began. 7
FDA policy states that foods from GMO plants
must meet the same requirements, including the 199 same safety standards, as foods derived from 2 traditionally bred plants. HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
The first wave of GMO produce created through
1994 genetic engineering becomes available to consumers
GM squas and GM soybeans become
199 commercially available in the US. 5 HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
1996 Bacillus thuringiensis
199 Genetically Modified cotton
6 HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
199 Genetically Modified canola
9
The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United 2003 Nations develop international guidelines and standards to determine the safety of GMO foods. HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
GMO alfalfa and sugar beets are
2005 available for sale in the United States.
FDA approved the first biological
2009 product produced by GE animal HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
201 Genetiacally modified eggpalnt 3
The first genetic modification in an
2015 animal for use as food, a genetically engineered salmon. HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
Congress passes a law requiring labeling for
some foods produced through genetic 2016 engineering and uses the term “bioengineered,” which will start to appear on some foods.
2017 Genetically Modified Apples
HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
201 Genetically Modified Sugar 8
201 Genetically Modified Safflower
8 HISTORICAL TIMELINE OF GMO
Genetically Modified Pink
202 Pineapple 0
Application for GalSafe pig was
2020 approved. REASONS OF GMO
• Some benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture are
increased crop yields. • reduced costs for food or drug production, reduced need for pesticides, and enhanced • nutrient composition and food quality, • resistance to pests and disease, • greater food security, and • medical benefits to the world's growing population. V. IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS PRESENTED BY: EDWARDO R. MUNDA V. IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS • GMOs PROVIDE ECONOMIC BENEFITS TO MILLIONS OF CONSUMERS
• GMOs REDUCE AGRICULTURALLY RELATED GREENHOUSE GAS
(GHG) EMISSIONS.
• GMOs REDUCE SOIL EROSION
V. IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS • GMOs CONSERVE WATER
• GMOs SUBSTANTIALLY DECREASE THE USE OF MANY
AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS
• GMO TECHNOLOGY HAS THE POTENTIAL TO IMPROVE THE
LIVES OF 5 MILLION IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD GMO IN THE PHILIPPINES VI. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM IN THE PHILIPPINES
Genetically modified organisms (GMO) products were introduced to Philippine agriculture by Filipina researchers as a way to combat nutrient deficiency and malnutrition According to the World Food Program (WFP), about one out of nine people in the world do not have enough food to live a healthy life. This amounts to 795 million people in the world who are hungry, most of whom come from developing countries, where 12.9 percent of the total population lacks food to eat in the case of the Philippines, this is an even bigger problem. The Philippines has the highest poverty incidence among its Association of Southeast Asian Nations peers. With national poverty of 25.8 percent, according to World Bank data, the Philippines has a lot of work to do to alleviate poverty and address issues of public health, such as VAD.
This is where GMOs, such as the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn, Bt talong (eggplant), and Golden Rice, enter: as a solution to relieve and, eventually, end the battle against Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and hunger, Moreover, it also aims to give the farmers a chance to provide food while farming sustainably and efficiently without the threat of having shortages or attacks of insects that kill their crops, GMO experts and advocates say. Edwin Paraluman was among the farmers in the Philippines to embrace this new technology and plant genetically modified pest-resistant Bt corn. VI. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM IN THE PHILIPPINES Studies we made in 2014 show that 83.4% of farmers exposed to genetically modified corn declared that it resulted in higher yields and income," Professor Saturnina C. Halos, a member of the Biotech Coalition of the Philippines and the University of Berkeley alumna, said. About 78.7% of them also said Bt corn reduced their daily costs or expenses, particularly on pesticide use as most GMO crops have been inserted with genes resistant to pests. From 1996 to 2016, when GMO crops grew tremendously, it is estimated globally reduced pesticide usage hit 620 million kilos, and in 2015 alone, 374 million kilos. She estimated that benefits from GMO corn alone have meant additional income for local corn farmers of over P10 billion, which translates to bigger budgets for children's education, home improvements, additional farm capital, or surplus funds for a vehicle, and other needs or wants.
Russel Reinke, Ph.D. in plant science and a rice breeder from IRRI, cited IRRI's successful Golden Rice program, which aims to fortify rice with proteins and vitamins through genetic modification, which perfectly adapts and is carried over in succeeding generations in compliance with Mendel's law on genetic trait transfer and selection that makes it easier for propagation. Vitamin A deficiency, which is high in many children of the poor, can be corrected with the insertion of the Beta-carotene gene into what is called "Golden Rice" because of the goldish color from Beta carotene, which is non-toxic and converts to vitamin A in the body (Business Mirror, 2022) VI. GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM IN THE PHILIPPINES
In an article published in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry in June 2019, Dr BP. Mallikarjuna Swamy and the Healthier Rice team at IRRI and the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice), presented findings showing the nutrient content of Golden Rice and its potential nutritional impact Swamy and the Healthier Rice team examined the content of key nutritional components, proximate, and minerals in the paddy rice, straw, and tran of Golden Rice and compared these with a control sample of PSBRc82, the parent variety from the Philippines, All components of Golden Rice, including its protein content, were found to be substantially equivalent to ordinary rice, with one exception Golden Rice grains contain up to 7.31 ppm of beta carotene, while ordinary rice had amounts too insignificant to measure (Aileen Garcia, 2019) COMMON EXAMPLES OF GMO COMMON EXAMPLES OF GMO
Bt Corn COMMON EXAMPLES OF GMO
Flavr Savr tomato
COMMON EXAMPLES OF GMO
Golden Rice COMMON EXAMPLES OF GMO
Rainbow Papaya COMMON EXAMPLES OF GMO
Pink Pineapple COMMON EXAMPLES OF GMO
AquAdvantage Salmon COMMON EXAMPLES OF GMO
Glow in the Dark Animals
COMMON EXAMPLES OF GMO
GalSafe Pigs ADVANTAGES OF GMO Disease Pest Resistance Resistance
Herbicide Cold Tolerance Tolerance
ADVANTAGES OF GMO
Nutrition Pharmaceuticals Drought Tolerance/ Phytoremediation Salinity Tolerance DIS- ADVANTAGES OF GMO DISADVANTAGES OF GMO
