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02 Intro Python

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pushkarffrajput
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Introduction to Python

and programming
Michael Ernst
UW CSE 190p
Summer 2012
1. Python is a calculator 2. A variable is a container

3. Different types cannot be compared 4. A program is a recipe


0. Don’t panic!
• CSE 190p is for people who have never
programmed
– (If you have programmed, you don’t belong here.)
• You can learn to program in 9 weeks
– You will work hard
– We will work hard to help you
• Ask questions!
– This is the best way to learn
1. Python is a calculator
You type expressions.
Python computes their values.
• 5
• 3+4
• 44/2
• 2**3
• 3*4+5*6
– If precedence is unclear, use parentheses
• (72 – 32) / 9 * 5
An expression is evaluated
from the inside out
• How many expressions are in this Python code?
an expression values

(72 – 32) / 9.0 * 5 (72 – 32) / 9.0 * 5


(40) / 9.0 * 5
40 / 9.0 * 5
4.44 * 5
22.2
Another evaluation example

(72 – 32) / (9.0 * 5)


(40) / (9.0 * 5)
40 / (9.0 * 5)
40 / (1.8)
40 / 1.8
22.2
2. A variable is a container
Variables hold values
• Recall variables from algebra:
– Let x = 2 …
– Let y = x …
• To assign a variable, use “varname = expression”
pi = 3.14 No output from an
assignment statement
pi
avogadro = 6*10**23
avogadro
22 = x # Error!
• Not all variable names are permitted
Changing existing variables
(“re-binding” or “re-assigning”)
x = 2
x
y = 2
y
x = 5
x
y
Changing existing variables
(“re-binding” or “re-assigning”)
x = 2
x
y = x
y
x = 5
x
y
• “=” in an assignment is not a statement or
promise of eternal equality
• Evaluating an expression gives a new (copy of a)
number, rather than changing an existing one
How an assignment is executed
1. Evaluate the right-hand side to a value
2. Store that value in the variable

State of the computer: Printed output:


x = 2
print x x: 5
2 2
y = x 2
y: 2 3
print y
z = x + 1 z: 3 5
print z 2
x = 5 3
print x
print y To visualize a program’s execution:http://
people.csail.mit.edu/pgbovine/python/tutor.html
print z
More expressions: Conditionals
22 > 4
22 < 4
22 == 4
x = 100 # Assignment, not conditional!
22 = 4 # Error!
x >= 5
x >= 100
x >= 200
not True Numeric operators: +, *, **
not (x >= 200) Boolean operators: not, and, or
3<4 and 5<6 Mixed operators: <, >=, ==
4<3 or 5<6
temp = 72
More expressions: strings
A string represents text
'Python'
myclass = "CSE 190p"
""
Empty string is not the same as an unbound variable

Operations:
• Length:
len(myclass)
• Concatenation:
"Michael" + 'Ernst'
• Containment/searching:
'0' in myclass
"O" in myclass
3. Different types cannot be compared
Types of values
• Integers (int): -22, 0, 44
– Arithmetic is exact
– Some funny representations: 12345678901L
• Real numbers (float, for “floating point”): 2.718,
3.1415
– Arithmetic is approximate, e.g., 6.022*10**23
– Some funny representations: 6.022e+23
• Strings (str): "I love Python", ""
• Truth values (bool, for “Boolean”):
True, False
George Boole
Operations behave differently
on different types
3.0 + 4.0
3 + 4
3 + 4.0
"3" + "4"
3 + "4" # Error
3 + True # Insanity!

Moral: Python sometimes tells you when you do


something that does not make sense.
Operations behave differently
on different types
15.0 / 4.0
15 / 4 # Insanity!
15.0 / 4
15 / 4.0

Type conversion:
float(15)
int(15.0)
int(15.5)
int(“15”)
str(15.5)
float(15) / 4
4. A program is a recipe
What is a program?
• A program is a sequence of instructions
• The computer executes one after the other, as if they
had been typed to the interpreter
• Saving as a program is better than re-typing from scratch

x = 1
y = 2
x + y
print x + y
print "The sum of", x, "and", y, "is", x+y
Exercise: Convert temperatures
• Make a temperature conversion chart:
Fahrenheit to Centrigrade, for -40, 0, 32, 68, 98.6, 212, 293, 451
Output:
-40 -40.0
0 -17.7778
32 0.0
68 20.0
98.6 37.0
212 100.0
293 145.0
451 232.778

• You have created a Python program!


• (It doesn’t have to be this tedious, and it won’t be.)
1. Python is a calculator 2. A variable is a container

3. Different types cannot be compared 4. A program is a recipe

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