T ypes

OF Electrical Connections
:Submitted by
Rasha Kamel Harani
Nour Saad Attia

202
Riyam Jabbar Mohsen
Zainab Mohammed Taha

:Supervised by
Dr. Thaer Abdul Rahim
 Series Circuit Conclusion
Introduction Parallel Circuit Reference
 Introduction
The method of connecting electrical components in a circuit is a key factor that affects the
circuit's performance and functionality.
There are two main types of electrical connections: Series Connection and Parallel Connection.
Each type has distinct characteristics in terms of current, voltage, and how energy is
distributed within the circuit.
?What is a Series Circuit

A circuit is said to be connected in series when the same current flows through all the
.components in the circuit. In such circuits, the current has only one path
In a series connection, components are connected one after another, allowing the same
.current to flow through all components while the voltage is distributed across them
Features of Series Connection

.Same Current: The same current flows through all the components in the circuit .1
Voltage Division: The total voltage is divided across the components based on their .2
.resistances or impedances
Dependence of Components: If one component fails or is disconnected, the entire .3
.circuit stops working
Applications of Series Connection
There are many applications of Series Connection including
Series Lighting: Used in decorative lighting, such as Christmas -1
.lights. If one bulb fails, the entire circuit is interrupted

Batteries in Series: Used To increase voltage -2

.For example, four 1.5V batteries connected in series produce 6V (1.5V + 1.5V+ 1.5V + 1.5V)
.Common in devices that require higher voltage, like flashlights or portable electronics
 Applications of Series Connection
Safety Sensors: Used in security systems where sensors -3
(motion, heat, etc.) are connected in series. If any sensor is
triggered or disconnected, the circuit breaks, activating the
.alarm

Electrical Devices: Some older or specific electrical devices use series circuits for their -4
.operation
Importance of Series Connection

Voltage Increase: Series connections allow for the addition of voltages, which is .1
.essential in devices requiring higher voltages, such as flashlights or electronic circuits
Uniform Current: The same current flows through all components, making it .2
.suitable for applications like sensors or simple control systems
,Simplicity: Series circuits are easier to design and require fewer connections .3
.reducing complexity in some applications
Control Applications: Used in safety systems where breaking one component .4
.disables the entire system, ensuring safety )e.g., a fuse or sensor(
:Disadvantages of Series Connection

1- Complete Circuit Failure if One Component Fails: If one component in the series
circuit fails, the entire circuit stops working.
.Example: In a string of lights, if one bulb burns out, all the lights go off •
Voltage Division: The total voltage is divided among the components, which might -2
result in some components receiving insufficient voltage, leading to poor performance
.or malfunction
Limitations on Number of Components: Adding too many components increases the overall -3
.resistance, reducing the current and affecting the circuit’s efficiency
Uneven Voltage Distribution: If the resistances of the components differ, the voltage is not -4
.evenly distributed, which can lead to uneven performance or damage to components
?What is a Parallel Circuit

A circuit is said to be parallel when the electric current has multiple paths to flow
through. The components that are a part of the parallel circuits will have a constant
.voltage across all ends
In a parallel connection, components are connected in such a way that the voltage across
.each component is the same, but the current is divided among them
Features of Parallel Connection

Same Voltage: All components connected in parallel share the same voltage .1
.across them
Independent Operation: If one component fails, the rest of the circuit continues .2
.to function without interruption
Current Division: The total current in the circuit is divided among the parallel .3
.branches based on their resistances or impedances
Reduced Equivalent Resistance: Adding more branches reduces the total .4
.resistance of the circuit
Applications of Parallel Connection
There are many applications of Parallel Connection including
Household Wiring: Electrical outlets and lights in homes -1
are wired in parallel so that each device receives the same
.voltage and operates independently

Batteries in Parallel: To increase capacity: Batteries connected in parallel provide the same -2
.voltage but a longer runtime since their capacities are combined
 Applications of Parallel Connection
Lighting Systems: Streetlights and car headlamps are -3
wired in parallel so that if one bulb fails, others continue
.to work

Power Distribution Systems: Used in electrical grids to -5

ensure consistent voltage delivery and allow independent
.operation of appliances

Electrical Devices: In circuits where certain components (like LEDs or resistors) need the -4
.same voltage but may require different currents
Importance of Parallel Connection

Independent Operation: In parallel circuits, if one component fails, others continue .1

.to work, making it ideal for household wiring and lighting systems
Consistent Voltage: All components receive the same voltage, which is essential for .2
.devices that need specific voltages to function properly
Increased Current Capacity: Parallel connections allow current to be shared .3
.among components, preventing overload and improving efficiency in power distribution systems
Scalability: Additional components can be added without affecting the overall circuit .4
.performance, making it suitable for modular systems like solar power arrays
Disadvantages of Parallel Connection

1. Increased Current Demand: In parallel circuits, the total current increases because each
branch draws its own current, which can overload the power source.
2. Difficulty in Detecting Faults: If one component fails, the other components continue to
operate, making it harder to identify and locate the faulty component.
3. Complex Wiring: Parallel circuits require more wiring and connections, increasing
complexity and cost.
4. Power Loss: With many branches, the risk of energy loss in the form of heat due to high
currents can increase.
Difference Between Series and Parallel Circuits

The major difference between series and the parallel circuit is the amount
of current that flows through each of the components in the circuit. In a
series circuit, the same amount of current flows through all the components
placed in it. On the other hand, in parallel circuits, the components are
placed in parallel with each other due to which the circuit splits the current
flow. The current flowing from the source will be divided into the current
flowing through each of these components.
 Conclusion

Selecting between series and parallel configurations depends on specific

application requirements. Series circuits offer simplicity and sequential
operation but are susceptible to total circuit failure if one component
fails. Parallel circuits provide redundancy and independent operation
capabilities but require careful consideration of current sharing and
voltage drops.

Engineers can design efficient circuits tailored to meet diverse electrical

system demands, ensuring reliable performance and safety in various
industrial and residential settings.
- :Reference

Smith, J. (2010). "Sequential and Parallel Processing in the Brain." Journal of .1

.Neuroscience, 30(25), 8372-8383
Johnson, R. (2015). "Comparing Sequential and Parallel Algorithms for Data .2
.Analysis." International Journal of Computer Science, 12(4), 567-578
Brown, A. (2012). "The Role of Sequential and Parallel Processing in Cognitive .3
.Development." Developmental Psychology, 48(3), 789-801
Lee, S. (2018). "Sequential and Parallel Execution in Distributed Systems." IEEE .4
.Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 29(6), 1345-1357
Garcia, M. (2016). "Sequential and Parallel Models for Machine Learning .5
.Algorithms." Journal of Machine Learning Research, 17(8), 102-115
https://byjus.com/physics/difference-between-series-and-parallel-circuits/ .6
Thank you for listening. Any questions?