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Lecture 4 (Network Theorems)

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13 views30 pages

Lecture 4 (Network Theorems)

Uploaded by

asmaghaf.203
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Network Theorems

Superposition Theorem
1) Identify all batteries in circuit.

2) Chose the battery to work with initially for example B1


then replace all other batteries with a wire (short circuit) and
current source with (open circuit).
3) Give voltage polarities to resistances accordingly all the
sides of the resistor which is closer to battery’s +ve terminal
is labeled +ve and other side is labeled –ve And also know
the direction of current which is as follows for electron flow.

Figure 1: voltage polarities Figure 2: voltage polarities


and direction of current w.r.t B1 and direction of current w.r.t B2
4) After solving the above given circuit we get the following
values for the voltages and current across resistors.

Figure 1: Voltage and current w.r.t B1 Figure 2: Voltage and current w.r.t B2
Resistance Voltage Current Resistance Voltage Current
R1 24V 6A R1 4V 1A
R1 is in series to combination R2||R3 R2 4V 2A
R2 4V 2A R3 is in series to combination R1||R2
R3 4V 4A R3 3V 3A

Total Resistance 4.66667 Ω Total Resistance 2.33 Ω


Total Applied Voltage 24 V Total Applied Voltage 7V
Total Current 6A Total Current 3A
5) In the last step we add the voltages and current according to
the direction and polarity. For this to happen we will have to
consider the direction of current and polarity of one battery
to be positive and other to be negative. {considering
polarities and current direction due to B1 to be positive and
that of B2 to be negative} and then we will add them
algebraically to get combine voltages and current due to both
batteries.
Resistor Voltage Voltage Sum of Current Current Sum of
due to B1 due to B2 Voltage Due to B1 Due to B2 Current
R1 +24 V -4 V +20 V +6 -1 +5
R2 +4 V +4 V +8 V +2 +2 +4
R3 +4 V -3V +1 V +4 -3 +1
Q) Solve the following circuit using Superposition Theorem
for.
a) Voltage drop on 5.0 Ω Resistor.
b) Also find current through it.
(consider switch is closed)

B1 B2

R1 R2
R3
Thevenin Theorem
This is the circuit on which we will be using Thevenin
theorem to find the Thevenin Voltage V TH and Thevenin
Resistance RTH for the load resistor which is connected across
A and B.
1) Open the 5kΩ load resistor. As shown in the diagram below

2) Find the voltage between A and B.

 12kΩ and 4kΩ resistance are in series with 48V battery as current
will not flow in 8kΩ resistor as terminal A and B are open.
 4kΩ and 8kΩ resistor are in parallel though current is not flowing
but voltage on both will remain same.

Next slide.
 To find VTH we will find voltage drop on 4kΩ resistor using voltage
divider
V4kΩ = * 48 = 12V

As mentioned in previous slide 4kΩ resistor is in parallel with 8kΩ


resistor and terminal A and B so the voltage drop on A and B will also
be 12V.

So now we have found VTH = 12V


3) Now we will find Thevenin Resistance RTH for this we will Short
Circuit the voltage sources and we will Open Circuit the current
sources in the circuit.

4) Now we will find the open circuit resistance looking from terminal
A,B and this will be RTH for our circuit.
5) This circuit can now be represented with VTH and RTH connected in
series with RL connected between A and B.

6) In the last step we will be finding Voltage Drop on RL and Current


flowing across RL
Q) Solve the following circuit for voltage and current across R 3 using
superposition theorem.
Q) Solve the following circuit for voltage and current across R 2 using
superposition theorem.
Extra slide 1
Quiz 1 Class ID :66231
Total Marks = 10
R1 I1 Time = 20mins
R1 = 100 Ω
R2 R2 = 1.0k Ω
VEMF I2 R3 = 2.0k Ω
R5 R4 = 6.0k Ω
R4 R3
I3 R5 = 2.5k Ω
R6 R6 = 3.0k Ω

Group A Group B
a) Find I1 when I3 = 1mA [7] a) Find VEMF when V4 = 5V [7]
b) Find Total Resistance [3] b) Find Total Resistance [3]
Extra slide 2
Answer Group A Answer Group B

a) 0.002667 A or 2.667 mA a) 28.999 V or 29 V


b) 4350 Ω or 4.35 k Ω b) 4350 Ω or 4.35 k Ω
Quiz 1 Class ID:66232
Total Marks = 10
Time = 20mins
A
R1 = 10k Ω
R2 = 30k Ω
C D
Consider Bridge is Balanced
B

Group A Group B
a) Find Rx when Rv = 50383Ω [2] a) Find Rv when Rx = 5000 Ω.
b) Find Total Resistance [3] [2]
c) Find Current Through R2 (use current b) Find Total Resistance [3]
divider) [3] c) Find Voltage drop on R1 (use voltage
d) How Wheatstone bridge works? [2] divider) [3]
d) How Rv is used to find Rx?
Note : write not more than 5 lines [2]
Extra slide 3
Answer Group A Answer Group B

a) 16794.33 Ω a) 15000 Ω
b) 25071.47 Ω b) 13333.33Ω
c) 0.001A c) 10V
Quiz 1 Class ID:66233
Total Marks = 10
Time = 20mins
R1 = 7.0kΩ R6 = 2.0kΩ
R2 = 2.0kΩ R7 = ?
R3 = 2.0kΩ R8 = 1.0kΩ
R4 = 6.0kΩ R9 = 3.5kΩ
R5 = 7.0kΩ
Group A Group B
a) Find R7 when total resistance of a) Find R7 when total resistance of
combination of R7,R8,R9 = 10.0kΩ [2] combination of R7,R8,R9 = 5.0kΩ [2]
b) Find Total Resistance use value of R7 b) Find Total Resistance use value of R7
from part (a) [3] from part (a) [3]
c) Find Total Current [2] c) Find Total Current [2]
d) Find current flowing through R4 [3] d) Find current flowing through R3 [3]
Extra slide 4
Answer Group A Answer Group B

a) 5.5kΩ a) 0.5kΩ
b) 10760 Ω b) 10756.5Ω
c) 2.788 mA c) 2.789 Ma
d) 0.334 mA d) 2.449 mA
Extra slide 5
Quiz 1 Class ID:66234
Total Marks = 10
Time = 20mins

Group A Group B
a) Find Total Resistance. [3.0] a) Find Total Resistance. [3.0]
b) Find Total Current. [1.0] b) Find Total Current. [2.0]
c) Find I2 [3.5] c) Find voltage on R3 [5.0]
d) Find Voltage on R4 [3.5]
Group A Group B
a) 500Ω a) 4000Ω
b) 0.048A b) 0.03A
c) 0.024A c) 20V
d) 8V

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