Seminar on

“Impact Assessment of Electric Vehicles on Sustainability on an Urban Area”

By:
Ajay Ranjan Dutta
M.Tech Transportation (IV Sem)
Guided By :
1. Dr. A. R. Tenpe
Assistant Professor, GHRCE, Nagpur

Department of Civil Engineering

G. H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur-16
 Paper Publications
 For Paper 1:-

• Paper Title:- Design of a Model for Impact Assessment of Electric

Vehicles on Day-To-Day Life & Environment
• Conference Name:- 10th IEEE ICETET SIP 22
• Publication Status:- Published

 For Paper 2:-

• Paper Title:- Empirical Analysis of Recent Advancements in Electric

Vehicle Technology from a Pragmatic Perspective
• Conference Name:- ICRAIWC 22
• Publication Status:- Accepted
Certificates
 Outline
• INTRODUCTION
• AIM OF PROJECT
• OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• METHODOLOGY
• CONCLUSION
 Introduction
• Motorized vehicles have a significant impact on the global greenhouse
gas emissions. One option to reduce the environmental impact is electric
vehicles (EVs). Recently, air pollution caused by incinerating fossil fuels
in transportation, private, and industrial areas is becoming a vital
problem for the global climate.

• Recently, air pollution caused by incinerating fossil fuels in

transportation, private, and industrial areas is becoming a vital problem
for the global climate. Global warming, increasing energy cost, and
continuous depletion of fossil fuels are significant issues of the modern
world. Despite all of these, range anxiety, charging infrastructure are two
significant limiting factors for the adoption of EVs.
 INTRODUCTION…… CONTD….

 EVs are seen as an option to reduce or eliminate the downsides of using

today’s fossil fueled vehicles. Their characteristics offer advantages which
solve problems caused by conventional vehicles. These are the
independence from fossil fuels, the reduction of noise and the elimination of
tail pipe emissions.

 EVs charging methods can be categorized into two main groups, conductive
charging, and wireless charging. As the low energy saving and emission
reduction during the electric vehicles (EVs) operation, countries are making
effort to carry out the research and development of EVs. India attaches great
importance to the development of electric vehicle technologies, and has
introduced many policies to support and guide the rapid development of the
electric car industry.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr. Author/ Year Journal Remark
No.

1. Muhammad Ashfaq, Internatio • This paper presents a thorough literature review on

Osama Butt, Jeyraj nal the latest deployment, and challenging issues in the
Selvaraj & Nasrudin Journal of implementation of EV infrastructure, charging power
Rahim Green levels, in conjunction with various charging methods.
(2021) Energy • They also examined the impacts of EVs on the
electric grid.

2. Shuhua Li , Qinxing IOP Conf • The study shows that EVs powered by China
Cao, Jun Li , Ying Series electricity mix offer a 48% decrease in energy use
Gao and a 38% decrease in global warming potential
(2018) (GWP) relative to conventional gasoline vehicles.
• The energy consumption and GHG emission during
the charging for BEV is more than the operation of
HEV and PHEV, due to a large percentage of coal-
fired electricity, the low electricity generation
efficiency and the loss of power transmission in
China.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr. Author/ Year Journal Remark
No.

3. K Nęcka and J Journal Of • A positive impact on the environment was

Knaga (2021) Physics observed only when electric vehicles were
powered from a specially selected photovoltaic
installation dedicated to the needs of the customer
working in a mixed system.
• The simulations demonstrate that the changes in
the transport fleet of the local enterprise will not
bring about a reduction in pollution, but on the
contrary, it will increase the total emission of
pollutants by about 20%.

4. Henning Nuissl , International • This paper introduces a conceptual framework for

Dagmar Haase , Research the impact assessment of land use transition in
Martin Lanzendorf , Journal of urban areas which highlights how such
Heidi Wittmer Engineering information can be acquired. This framework
(2009 ) and includes the differentiation of two levels of
Technology impact assessment: the level of the single land
unit and the context level which takes into
account regional and aggregated impacts of land
use transition bound to the spatial context.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr. Author/ Year Journal Remark
No.
5. Konstantinos N. International • This study presents an approach on the life cycle
Genikomsakis, Journal of assessment and environmental impact of lithium-
Christos S. Green Energy ion batteries for electric vehicles, specially the
Ioakimidis, Alberto iron phosphate technology based battery (LFP)
Murillo, Atanaska • Through evaluating the different stages in the
Trifonova, Dragan whole life of the battery starting with the
Simic manufacturing stage and then proceeding with the
(2013) evaluation of its use in Spain until reaching the
end-of-life stage, when the battery cannot
continue offering a service in the electromobility
sector.
6. Patricia Egedea, Tina Intl Journal • This paper presents a framework for the LCA of
Dettmera, Christoph of Green EVs to consider influencing factors of the use
Herrmanna, Sami Energy phase. The vehicle was identified as an internal
Karab factor; the user, infrastructure and surrounding
(Mar. 2016) conditions were defined as external factors. In a
case study the relevance of the identified factors
was shown.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr. Author/ Year Journal Remark
No.

7. Kenneth Holmberg and IOP Conf • Finally, we calculate the energy consumption and
Ali Erdemir Series friction losses in battery powered electric
(June - 2018) passenger cars and show the benefit of electric
cars where the total energy use is in average 3.4
times lower compared to combustion engine
powered cars.
• The CO2 emissions are 4.5 times higher for a
combustion engine car compared to an electric
car when the electricity comes from renewable
energy sources.
8. Larry E. Erickson American • This work reviews progress and identifies some
(2017) Institute of the health benefits associated with reducing
of combustion emissions. To reduce greenhouse gas
Chemical emissions, the transition to electric vehicles and
Engineers electricity generation using renewable energy
must take place in accord with the goals of the
Paris Agreement on Climate Change.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
Sr. Author/ Year Journal Remark
No.

9. M. Scorrano , R. International • The paper quantifies the importance for cost

Danielis, M. Research competitiveness of fully electric cars (BEVs) of
Giansoldati Journal of three determinants of the total cost of ownership
(2019) Engineering (TCO): the annual distance travelled (ADT), the
and percentage of urban trips, and the availability of a
Technology private parking space. The estimates are
performed with reference to the Italian car
market.

10. Quentin De Clerck⁎ , IOP Conf • The results in Section 6 indicate that while the
Tom van Lier, Series TCO of electric vehicles is in most cases less
Maarten Messagie, appealing than for conventional vehicles, such as
Cathy Macharis, P or D vehicles, the TEC is lower because they
Joeri Van Mierlo, have lower costs with respect to externalities such
Lieselot as climate change and air pollution. When
Vanhaverbeke formulated as TCS result, most vehicle
(2018) technologies have similar absolute TCS values
within their respective segment.
 AIM

 To present the current state of electric car and conventional fuel-based

vehicles and analyse the possible impacts on various parameters.
OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT
 To study and analyse various sustainability parameters.

 To measure economic, social, and environmental impacts of

electric vehicle and conventional vehicle.

 To analyse the impact on traffic with future growth

projection.

 To carry out alternative of Li-ion battery.

IMPACT ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS

Impact Assessment
Parameters

Sustainable Other
Parameters Parameters

Social Environme- Economic- Safety Traffic

ntal al
 SOCIAL

• Model:-

• From the literature survey, it is observed that a wide variety of

models are proposed by researchers for analysis of EV impacts on
different environmental & non-environmental entities.

• But these models have limited scalability due to their context-

specific analysis.

• To improve performance of these models, a multiple parametric

analysis approach is designed in this work.
 MODEL…… CONTD….

• The propose approach uses a combination of Neural Networks

(NNs) for pattern analysis, for understanding cost impacts,
environmental impacts, etc.
• The model initially starts with collection of data related to
different EVs, which includes environmental data, cost data,
adoption rates, battery data, etc.
• Upon collection, these data values are given to a pattern analysis
Neural Network (NN) engine, wherein their values are analyzed
via estimation of entity-interdependent relationships.
Data Collection for the Model

 CO2 emissions data

CO2 Data

 EV data
EV Data
MATLAB Video Output
Economical

Economical Parameter
Analysis

Fuel/Electricity Expenses

Repair and Maintenance Cost

Service Charges
 Cost Comparison Of Vehicles

Component Cost fuel- based Cost EV

(approx.) (approx.)

Fuel per liter

115 5.36
Electricity per unit

Monthly
1000 400
Maintenance & repairs

Service charges per 500 60

month

Total per month

(considering
consumption of 13000 5820
100 liters, or
1000 units of
electricity)
Cost Comparison Of Vehicles

Cost Comparison

31% Conventional Vehicle

Electric Vehicle

69%
 Environmental
• For environmental parameter, we compared fuel based vehicles
and EVs carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide emission.
• Average vehicle travel in India per year = 15000 kms
• Depending on average travel, the CO2 and NOx emissions are
plotted below:-

CO2 Emissions
NOx Emissions (kg/km
or kg/kWh) (kg/km or
kg/kWh)

Petrol Vehicle 0.003 0.192

Diesel Vehicle 0.006 0.168

EVs 0.85
 NOx Emissions

90

Emissions in kg
45

Petrol Diesel EV
0
Fuel type of vehicle

CO2 Emissions

2880
2520
Emissions in kg

425

Petrol Diesel EV
Fuel type of vehicle
 Safety
• For safety parameter, we considered the surveillance in electric
vehicles.
• Surveillance Camera:- The device that captures activities,
behavior, motions or information in a video graphic state so as to
posses for various purposes.
• Purposes of Surveillance Camera:-

• Remote video monitoring

• Facility protection

• Monitor live operations

• Loss prevention

• Vandalism deterrence

• Traffic monitoring

• Hazard warnings
 Traffic

• Travel Time Index:-

• Travel Time Index represents the average additional time required
for a trip during peak times in comparison with that trip duration
in no-traffic condition

• Considering location between Chhatrapati Chowk and Rahate

Colony Square Nagpur
• Location details:
• From:- Chhatrapati Square, Nagpur

• To:- Rahate Colony Square, Nagpur

• Distance:- 2.00 kms

• Current traffic condition and future traffic conditions are justified

in the sheet below: - 7 days cvc.xlsx
• Travel Time Index:-

Travel Time Index Forecast

4.00
1.87
3.50 1.74
1.62
3.00 1.51
Travel Time Index 1.41
2.50 1.31
1.22
2.00 1.89
1.63 1.76
1.50 1.42 1.52
1.23 1.32
1.00
0.50
0.00
2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Year

CV EV
Proposing alternative of Li-ion Battery

Li-ion Battery

Graphene Battery
 Proposing alternative of Li-ion Battery

Characteristic Li Ion Graphene

Electrical conductivity High Very High

Heat conductance Moderate High

Charge Speed Very High Super-Fast

Weight Medium Light

Capacity 180 Wh per KG 1000 Wh per HG

Safety level Moderate High

Availability Very High Moderate

Technological maturity Very High Moderate

 Conclusion
• The EV does not emit Nitrogen Oxide emissions, but it does
leaves carbon footprints which means only while generation of
electricity CO2 is emitted.
• The life cycle cost of EV and conventional vehicle have a huge
difference, though EVs are initially have higher prices at this
time, it is much affordable in the long-time adoption.
• The TTI for EV and conventional vehicles are almost same when
in peak hour, and increases gradually by year 2028 which might
affect the traffic flow adversely.
• There is a future scope for an alternative of Li-ion batteries as
Graphene batteries requires much adequate research and markets
to develop as it is not easily available.
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Thank You