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Problem-Based Learning: Design,
Implementation, and Assessment
Adapted from Genareo & Lyons (2015) Introduction to Problem-Based Learning (PBL) • - PBL is a student-centered, inquiry-based instructional model. • - Engages learners with authentic, ill- structured problems. • - Promotes critical thinking, collaboration, and self-directed learning. Benefits of PBL • - Develops problem-solving and metacognitive skills. • - Increases engagement and intrinsic motivation. • - Prepares students for real-world challenges. • - Encourages ownership of learning. Step One: Identify Outcomes/Assessments • - Focus on process-oriented outcomes like collaboration and research. • - Develop formative and summative assessments: • - Group contracts, self/peer-evaluations, reflections. • - Writing samples, rubrics, and presentations. Step Two: Design the Scenario • - Create a real, complex problem related to the course content. • - Ensure the scenario is motivating and generates discussion. • - Examples: • - Environmental issues, healthcare challenges, business dilemmas. Step Three: Introduce PBL • - Practice with an easy problem to familiarize students with the process. • - Provide clear expectations, rubrics, and timelines. • - Groups tackle scenarios collaboratively. Step Four: Research • - Groups define the problem and identify knowledge gaps. • - Write problem statements or research questions. • - Assign roles and conduct research to test hypotheses. • - Adjust hypotheses based on findings. Step Five: Product Performance • - Students synthesize research into presentations or products. • - Examples: • - Research posters, reports, multimedia presentations. • - Emphasize collaboration and practical solutions. Step Six: Assessment • - Evaluate products using rubrics for clarity, feasibility, and research-based solutions. • - Use peer/self-evaluations and reflections to gauge participation. • - Collect daily and final reflections on learning. Cyclical Nature of PBL • - PBL is iterative: revisiting and refining hypotheses is encouraged. • - Example: • - Groups hypothesize about an issue, research its feasibility, and adapt their approach. • - Encourages continuous improvement. Conclusion • - PBL fosters critical thinking, collaboration, and lifelong learning. • - Flexible and adaptable to various disciplines. • - Ready to implement PBL to enhance student engagement and outcomes.