Sensors and signal processing

COLOR SENSORS TCS320

Lecturer: Tran Van Huong

Class : 152378

Student:

Nguyen Tien Khai – ID: 20226810

Dang Nhat Minh – ID: 20226813

Chu Anh Quan – ID: 20226869

 1 : Introduction
TABLE
2 : Design
OF
CONTE 3 : Interpreting sensor data
NTS
4 : Circuit diagram

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 01
Introduction

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COLOR
SENSORS
TCS320
•- A color sensor is an electronic
device used to detect and identify
colors.
•- It works by measuring the
wavelengths of light reflected from
an object, determining its color
based on the intensity of red,
green, and blue (RGB)
components.
•- Color sensors are widely used in
various applications, including
industrial automation, robotics,
and consumer electronics.
•- By converting the light
information into electrical signals,
these sensors allow machines to
"see" and differentiate colors with 5
Sensor Package and Pinouts of
Sensor

Name Pin I/O Description

GND 4 Power Supply Ground. All Voltages are referenced to this ground

VDD 5 Supply Voltage (2.7-5.5V)

/OE 3 I Enable fO (active low). When OE is high the OUT becomes high
impedance, allowing multiple sensors to share the same OUT line

OUT 6 O Output frequency fO

S0, S1 1, 2 I Output frequency scale selection inputs (see 0 0)
S2, S3 7, 8 I Photodiode (color filter) selection inputs (see 0 0)

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 Sensor Package and Pinouts of Sensor

 Light go through photodiode array and convert to current

 Then it go to current-to-frequency coveter that make processor can
read the digital out put
 The output enable(/OE) for multiple-unit sharing
 The sensitive of sensor can be preset or off by 2 input pin: S0 and S1
 Four types of photodiodes- Red, green, blue and clear(no filters) are
the color detected

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 Photodiodes

• The TCS3200 has an array of photodiodes with 4 different filters. A photodiode is

simply a semiconductor device that converts light into current.
• The sensor has:
- 16 photodiodes with red filter – sensitive to red wavelength
- 16 photodiodes with green filter – sensitive to green wavelength
- 16 photodiodes with blue filter – sensitive to blue wavelength 16 photodiodes
without filter

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Photodiodes

1.Definition of Photodiodes
- Photodiode is a form of light sensor that
converts light energy into electrical
energy (voltage or current). Photodiode
is a type of semi conducting device with
PN junction. Between the p (positive)
and n (negative) layers, an intrinsic layer
is present.
- The photo diode accepts light energy as
input to generate electric current
- Typical photodiode materials are Silicon,
Germanium, Indium Gallium Arsenide
Phosphide and Indium gallium arsenide.

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Photodiodes

2. Working
• In general, an electron will
have a negative charge,
and holes will have a
positive charge. The
depletion of energy will
have built-in electric field.
• Due to that electric field,
electron-hole pairs move
away from the junction.
Hence, holes move to
anode and electrons move
to the cathode to produce
photocurrent.

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 Application

Color sensor technology has a wide range of applications across various industries,
including :
- Industrial Automation: Color sensors are used in manufacturing processes for quality
control, product sorting, and color-based object detection.
- Scientific Research: Color sensors are used in spectroscopy, colorimetry, and other
scientific applications for precise color measurement and analysis.

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 02
Design

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 Design

TCS 3200 sensor colors

Lcd 1602A And I2C Lcd

Arduino Uno R3

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LCD
• An LCD 16x2 with Arduino
refers to using a Liquid
Crystal Display (LCD) in
conjunction with an Arduino
microcontroller to display
information such as text,
numbers, or even simple
• graphics.
RS (Register Select): Controls
command or data mode.
• E (Enable): Tells the LCD when
data is being sent.
• D4-D7: Four data pins (used in
4-bit mode).
• VSS: Ground.
• VDD: Power (typically 5V from
the Arduino).
• RW (Read/Write): Usually tied
to ground (write mode).
• V0: Contrast adjustment pin
(connected to a potentiometer).
• A (Anode) & K (Cathode): LED
backlight pins for illuminatio

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 I2C LCD

1.Definition
An I2C LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
refers to an LCD module that
communicates with a microcontroller
or a computer using the I2C (Inter-
Integrated Circuit) communication
protocol.

2. Pinout
LCD I2C uses I2C interfacce, so it
has 4 pin
 GND pin: needs to be connected
to GND
 VCC pin: the power supply for
the LCD, needs to be connected
to VCC (5V)
 SDA pin: I2C data signal
 SCL pin: I2C clock signal

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 I2C LCD

3. Advantanges for using

I2C

- Pin Efficiency: Only requires two

pins (SDA, SCL) instead of 6 or
more for standard LCDs.
- Simplified Wiring: Reduces the
complexity of wiring in projects.
- Multiple Devices: Multiple I2C
devices (sensors, displays, etc.)
can be connected on the same bus,
saving space on microcontroller
boards.

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Arduino

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 Arduino

Information of adrunio UNO R3:

· Microcontroller: ATmega328P, an 8-bit microcontroller from Atmel with
32KB of flash memory for storing code.
· Operating Voltage: 5V, which powers the board and its components.
· Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V, when using an external power
supply.
· Digital I/O Pins: 14 pins (0-13), out of which 6 can be used as PWM (Pulse
Width Modulation) outputs.
· Analog Input Pins: 6 pins (A0-A5) for reading analog signals from sensors.
· Clock Speed: 16 MHz, which defines the speed at which the
microcontroller executes instructions.
· Flash Memory: 32KB, with 0.5KB used for the bootloader.
· SRAM: 2KB for storing variables during program execution.
· EEPROM: 1KB for storing data that persists even after the board is
powered off.
· USB Connection: A USB-B port allows for programming the board and
providing power.
· Power Jack: A barrel jack for powering the board with an external power
supply.
· Reset Button: Allows the board to be reset manually. 18
 Arduino

Application

• Prototyping and Development:

Arduino is often used to prototype
and test electronic projects before
moving to more complex
hardware

• Robotics: It can control motors,

sensors, and other components,
making it suitable for building
robots, drones, and automated
vehicles.

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 03
Interpreting
Sensor Data

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 Interpreting Sensor Data

The output is a square wave (50% duty cycle) with frequency (fO) directly
proportional to light intensity
where
- fO is the output frequency;
- fD is the output frequency for dark condition (when Ee = 0);
- Re is the device responsivity for a given wavelength of light in
kHz/(mW/cm2);
- Ee is the incident irradiance in mW/cm2.
- fD is an output frequency resulting from leakage currents.
As shown in the equation above, this frequency represents a light-
independent term in the total output frequency fO.
At very low light levels (dark colors), this dark frequency can be a
significant portion of fO. The dark frequency is also temperature
dependent.

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 Interpreting Sensor Data
As fO is directly proportional to frequency, it is possible to map between the
frequency and RGB color value (0-255 for each of R, G and B) using linear
interpolation.
Two points on the RGB line are well determined – pure Black (RGB 0, 0, 0)
and pure White (255, 255, 255).
The proportional relationship is expressed by the standard straight line
equation y = mx + b where
•y is the reading obtained (in our case fO)
•x is the normalized RGB value
•b is the value of y when x is 0 (in our case fD)
•m is the slope, or proportionality constant, of the line
(in our case [fW - fD]/255).
The resulting equation is
or, rearranging to give us the desired RGB value

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 04
Circuit
diagram

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Circuit diagram

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THANK
YOU !

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