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Lec 7 Programming Fundamentals (2)

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14 views

Lec 7 Programming Fundamentals (2)

Uploaded by

rabeyaasif1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSC113-Programming Fundaments

Lecture 07
Week 05
Ms. Noor-ul-Huda
Senior Lecturer-I
Department of Computer Science
College of Computer Science and Information Systems
[email protected]
Lecture outcomes:
◦ What are Logical operators?
◦ Examples of AND, OR and NOT
◦ Real World Examples
An Operator in Computer
Programming
◦ In computer programing, an operator is a character, symbol, keyword, or
combination of those.
◦ It determines what action gets performed on one or more operands.

◦ An operand is an individual data item that gets manipulated by the operator.


What Are The Different Types of
Operators in C Programming?
In C programming, operators fall into one of three categories:
1. Unary operators
2. Binary operators
3. Ternary operators
Unary operators
oUnary operators operate on a single operand. Some of the unary operators in C are:

oArithmetic operators such as the increment operator(++), which increments the value of the
operand by 1. And the decrement operator(--), which decrements the value of the operand by 1.
oLogical operators like the NOT(!) operator. This operator reverses the logical value of the
operand – it changes true to false and false to true.
oBitwise operators like the NOT(~) operator, which changes each 0 bit to 1 and each 1 bit to 0.
Binary operators
oBinary operators operate on two operands.
oSome of the binary operators in C are:
oArithmetic operators (+, -, *, /, %). These operators perform mathematical calculations on
numerical data such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and finding the remainder.
oEquality/Relational operators (==, !=, >, <, >=, <=). These operators compare two values and
determine if one operand is greater than, less than, equal to, or not equal to the other operand.
oLogical/Conditional operators such as the AND(&&) and OR(||) operators.
oBitwise operators ((&, |, ^, <<, >>), which treat data items as a sequence of bits (that is, 0s and
1s).
oAssignment operators (=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=), which assign a specific value to a variable.
The Ternary operator
oThe Ternary operator (?:) operates on three operands. The general syntax looks something
similar to the following:

(condition) ? expression1 : expression2;


oThe ternary operator is a conditional operator you can use as a shorthand for an if..else
statement. It performs comparisons and returns a result.
Logical operators
oThe logical operators evaluate the logical expression and return a result.

oThe result is always a Boolean value.


oA Boolean value determines whether the expression is true or false.
oThere are three logical operators in C programming:
1. Logical AND(&&)
2. Logical OR(||)
3. Logical NOT (!)
Logical AND (&&)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int x = 5;
int y = 10;
if (x > 0 && y > 0) {
printf("Both x and y are greater than 0\n");
} else {
printf("At least one of x or y is not greater than 0\n");
}
return 0;
}
Logical OR (||) Operator:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int age = 25;
int hasLicense = 1; // 1 represents true
if (age >= 18 || hasLicense) {
printf("You can drive!\n");
} else {
printf("You cannot drive.\n");
}
return 0;
}
Logical NOT (!) Operator:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int isRaining = 0; // 0 represents false
if (!isRaining) {
printf("It's not raining. You can go outside.\n");
} else {
printf("It's raining. Stay indoors.\n");
}
return 0;
}
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int temperature = 28;
int isSunny = 1; // 1 represents true

if (temperature > 30 && isSunny) {


printf("It's a hot and sunny day.\n");
} else if (temperature > 30 || isSunny) {
printf("It's either hot or sunny (or both).\n");
} else {
printf("It's neither hot nor sunny.\n");
}
return 0;
}
Real world examples of logical
operators
oUser Authentication:
Logical AND operator (&&) is often used to check multiple conditions during user authentication.

o Online Shopping Cart:


When managing an online shopping cart, the logical OR operator (||) can be used.

oTemperature Control System:


In a climate control system, logical operators can be used to decide whether to turn on heating or cooling.

oAccess Control in Buildings:


Logical operators can be used to control access to secure areas. To open a high-security door, both a valid key card
AND biometric recognition (fingerprint or retina scan) may need to be true.

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