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ACSystem 1

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39 views36 pages

ACSystem 1

AC system ppt

Uploaded by

akhlaqmallick01
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

525311: Automatic Control Systems

School of Mechanical Engineering

1
Prescribed text :Norman S.Nise, Control
Systems Engineering: Fifth Edition, John
Wiley & Sons, 2007

Recommended reading :
 รศ.นท.ดร.สราวุฒิ สุจิตจร, การควบคุม
อัตโนมัติ , ซีเอ็ด พ.ศ.2546
 Richard C. DORF and Robert H. BISHOP,
Modern Control Systems, Ninth Edition,
Prentice Hall,2001
 W.Bolton, Control Engineering: Longman, 1998
 Katsushiko OCATA, Modern Control
Engineering, Fifth Edition, Pearson, 2010

2
Control System Designs
 Basic Control System Concepts
 Transfer Functions of Physical Systems
 State Equations for Physical Systems
 Transient Response, Stability
 Forced Response Errors
 Design Using Sinusoidal Tools
 Design Using State Equations

3
Basic Control System
Concepts

4
History of Control System
 1728 – Jame Watt

Flyball governor
5
History of Control
System
 1769 – Jame Watt
 1868 – James Clark Mexwell
 1877 – Routh’s Stability Criterion
 1890 - Liapunov M.A.
 1932 – H.Nyquist
 1934 – H.W.Bode
 1947 – Nichols chart
 1948 – W.R.Evans
 1954 – George Devol
6
History of Control
System
 1956 – 1969 Optimal control, Dynamic
program, Optimization system, Fuzzy logic
 1970 – 1979 State space model, Adaptive
control
 1980 – 1989 Robustness control, AI
 1990 – 1999 Robot development and
application

7
Introduction to Control System
Design

Process to be controlled

8
Introduction to Control System
Design

 Mathematical Model of Systems


 Relationship between input and
output
 Test inputs

9
Control System Designs
Open-loop Control

Actuating device / actuator


10
Control System
Open-loop Control

11
Control System
Closed-loopControl or
Feedback Control

12
Control System
Closed-loop Control (Feedback
Control)

13
Closed-loop Control
 Comparison Element
 Control Element
 Correction Element
 Process Element
 Measure Element
14
Control System
 SISO (Single Input Single Output)
 Multivariable Control System

15
Multivariable Control System

16
Control Engineering

Analysis
o Stability
o Dynamic Response and
Performance Indices
 Speed  Accuracy Tolerance
Design

17
Engineering Design
 Specification
 Complexity of Design
 Trade-Off
 Design Gabs
 Risk
 Optimize the parameters
18
Examples of control systems

Turntable speed control (Open-loop control)

19
Examples of control systems

Turntable speed control (Closed-loop control)

20
Examples of control systems

21
ระบบควบคุมการเปิดน้ำเข้า
สู่ถังแบบปิด

Controlled ระดับน้ำในถังเก็บ
variable
Reference ระดับน้ำที่ต้องการในถัง
valve ซึ่งอาจจะกำหนดด้วยขีดบน
ถังเก็บ
Compariso ผู้ควบคุม
n element
Error ความแตกต่างระหว่างระดับ
22
signal น้ำในถัง กับระดับน้ำที่
Examples of control systems

Speed Control System


23
Examples of control systems

Temperature control system

24
Examples of control systems

A three-axis control system


25
Examples of control systems

Water-level float regulator

26
Examples of control systems

Hydraulic actuator with valve


27
HDD

28
Examples of control systems

Coordinated control system for a boiler-generator


29
ADVANTAGES OF CONTROL
SYSTEMS
 Poweramplification
 Remote control
 Convenience of input form
 Compensation for disturbances

30
ADVANTAGES OF CONTROL
SYSTEMS
 For example, a radar antenna, positioned by the low-power rotation of
a knob at the input, requires a large amount of power for its output
rotation. A control system can produce the needed power
amplification, or power gain.
 Robots designed by control system principles can compensate

for human disabilities. Control systems are also useful in remote or


dangerous locations. A robot arm designed to work in contaminated
environments.
 Control systems can also be used to provide convenience by

changing the form of the input. For example, in a temperature control


system the input is a position on a thermostat. The output is heat.
Thus, a convenient position input yields a desired thermal output.

31
ADVANTAGES OF CONTROL
SYSTEMS

 The system must be able to yield the correct


output even with a disturbance. For example,
consider an antenna system that points in a
commanded direction. If wind forces the
antenna from its commanded position, or if
noise enters internally, the system must be
able to detect the disturbance and correct the
antenna’s position.

32
Antenna Azimuth: An
Introduction to Position Control
Systems

33
THE DESIGN PROCESS

STEP 1: TRANSFORM REQUIREMENTS INTO A


PHYSICAL SYSTEM
STEP 2:
2 DRAW A FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
STEP 3: CREATE A SCHEMATIC
STEP 4:
4 DEVELOP A MATHEMATICAL MODEL
(BLOCK DIAGRAM)
STEP 5: REDUCE THE BLOCK DIAGRAM
STEP 6:
6 ANALYZE AND DESIGN
34
THE DESIGN PROCESS

35
THE CONTROL SYSTEMS
ENGINEER

Control systems engineering is an exciting field in


which to apply your engineering talents, because it
cuts across numerous disciplines and numerous
functions within those disciplines. The control
engineer can be found at the top level of large
projects, engaged at the conceptual phase in
determining or implementing overall system
requirements. These requirements include total
system performance specifications, subsystem
functions, and the interconnection of these
functions, including interface requirements,
36
hardware and software design, and test plans and

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