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Looping and Branching

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17 views11 pages

Looping and Branching

Uploaded by

dallawais543
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hidaya Institute Of

Science & Technology

Looping and Branching


The goto Statement
The goto operator can be used to jump to another section in the program.

 The target point is specified by a label followed by a colon, and the


instruction is given as goto followed by the desired target label.

The target label must be within the same file and context.

 Meaning that you cannot jump out of a function or method, nor can you
jump into one.

You also cannot jump into any sort of loop or switch structure. You may
jump out of these.

 a common use is to use a goto in place of a multi-level break.


The goto Statement

Example:

<?php
goto a;
echo ‘hello';

a:
echo ‘hi';
?>

The above example will output:


hi
The goto Statement

Example:

<?php
for($i=0,$j=50; $i<100; $i++) {
while($j--) {
if($j==17) goto end;
}
}
echo "i = $i";
end:
echo 'j hit 17';
?>

The above example will output:


j hit 17
The goto Statement

Example: This will not work

<?php
goto loop;
for($i=0,$j=50; $i<100; $i++) {
while($j--) {
loop:
}
}
echo "$i = $i";
?>
The above example will output:
Fatal error: 'goto' into loop or switch statement is disallowed in script on line 2
The DO-WHILE LOOP
Unlike for and while loops, which test the loop condition at the top of the
loop, the do...while loop checks its condition at the bottom of the loop.

A do...while loop is similar to a while loop, except the truth expression is


checked at the end of each iteration instead of in the beginning.

Syntax: There is just one syntax for do-while loops:


do {
statement(s);
} while( condition );

Notice that the conditional expression appears at the end of the loop, so
the statement(s) in the loop execute once before the condition is tested.
The DO-WHILE LOOP

Example:

<?php
$i = 0;
do {
echo $i;
} while ($i > 0);
?>

The above loop would run one time exactly, since after the first iteration,
when truth expression is checked, it evaluates to FALSE ($i is not bigger than
0) and the loop execution ends.
So output will be just: 0
The DO-WHILE LOOP

Example:

// Local variable declaration:


$a = 10;
// do loop execution
do {
echo "value of a: " . $a;
$a = $a + 1; // updation
} while( $a < 20 );
The DO-WHILE LOOP
Output: The above code will produce the following result:

value of a: 10
value of a: 11
value of a: 12
value of a: 13
value of a: 14
value of a: 15
value of a: 16
value of a: 17
value of a: 18
value of a: 19
Assignments
Generate tables up to a given number
eg. Declare a variable $limit and give it a number (value can be
change at any time)
if we give a value: $limit = 3; then output should be like

2*1=2
2*2=4
.
.
2 * 10 = 20

3*1=3
3*2=6
.
.
3 * 10 = 30
Assignments
Generate Fibonacci Series

Fibonacci series is the one in which you will get your next term by adding previous two
numbers.

For example,
0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34

Here, 0 + 1 = 1
1+1=2
3+2=5
and so on.

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