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Chapter 2 Network Communication

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11 views48 pages

Chapter 2 Network Communication

Uploaded by

rajand2510
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DISTRIBUTED

COMPUTING
Sunita Mahajan,
Mahajan Principal, Institute of
Computer Science, MET League of
Colleges, Mumbai

Seema Shah,
Shah Principal, Vidyalankar
Institute of Technology, Mumbai
University

© Oxford University Press 2011


Chapter - 2
Network Communication

© Oxford University Press 2011


Topics
• LAN and WAN technologies
• Protocols for Network Systems
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode
• Protocols for Distributed Systems
– VMTP
– FLIP

© Oxford University Press 2011


LAN and WAN Technologies

© Oxford University Press 2011


LAN and WAN Technologies
• Introduction to LAN and WAN

© Oxford University Press 2011


Classification of Networks
• Based on number of interconnected nodes
and type of communication link used
– LAN,
– MAN,
– WAN,
– WLAN
– Internetwork

© Oxford University Press 2011


Evolution of network transmission
speeds

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MAN

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Classification of WLAN

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Internetworks

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Wireless application protocols- WAP

© Oxford University Press 2011


Protocols for Network Systems

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Protocols for network systems
• Protocol is a formal set of rules and
conventions that governs how computers
exchange information over the network
medium.
• Protocol supports transparency
• Protocols for networks
– ISO/OSI
– IP

© Oxford University Press 2011


ISO/OSI Reference Model

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Functions of OSI layers

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Functions of OSI Layers

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Elements in layered service:
– Service user
– Service provider
– Service Access Point (SAP)

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Control information in OSI layers

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Data encapsulation in OSI protocol
data

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Internet Protocol

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OSI vs IP

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Major functions of the IP protocol

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Major functions of the IP protocol

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Major functions of the IP protocol

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TCP and IP layers at a glance

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Asynchronous Transfer Mode

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Introduction to ATM
• Uses fixed length packets called cells,
• Achieves fast speed by avoiding flow control
and error checking.

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ATM classification
• ATM can be classified as CBR and VBR based
on the type and volume of data transmitted.

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ATM virtual circuit

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ATM Reference Model

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ATM Layer functions

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ATM Standards
• Standard A:
– The User-Network Interface (UNI) standard contains the Generic Flow
Control field (GFC) and Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) one-octet field.
• Standard B:
– The Network-Network Interface (NNI) has one and a half octets long
VPI but does not contain the GFC field.

© Oxford University Press 2011


ATM layer standards

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Functions of the ATM Layer field
headers
Header Bit Function
GFC • 4 bits in the cell header
•Controls the amount of traffic entering the network
•All 0 s indicate uncontrolled cell so gets last precedence
VPI and VCI • VPI contains 8 bits and VCI contains 16 bit field in header
•Determines the path and channels for the cell to traverse
PTI •3 bits in header
•Distinguishes between data and control cells, which can be
transmitted on different channels
CLP •1 bit in header
•When set, indicates that the cell can be discarded during congestion
HEC • 8 bits in the header
•Contains the checksum of the header to protect from transmission
errors

© Oxford University Press 2011


ATM Adaptation Layers

© Oxford University Press 2011


ATM Layer functions

Layer/Sublayer Function
ATM adaptation layer
Convergence sublayer Convergence

Segmentation and reassembly sublayer Segmentation and reassembly

ATM layer Generic flow control


Cell header generation/extraction
Cell VPI/VCI translation
Cell multiplex and demultiplex
Physical layer Cell rate decoupling
Transmission convergence sublayer HBC header generation/check
Cell delineation

Physical medium sublayer Bit timing


Physical medium

© Oxford University Press 2011


Protocols for Distributed
Systems

© Oxford University Press 2011


Protocols for Distributed Systems
• VMTP-
– Versatile Message Transfer Protocol
• FLIP—
– Fast local Internet Protocol

© Oxford University Press 2011


Requirements of Distributed Systems
• RPC
• Process Migration
• Transparency
• Client server based communication
• Group communication
• Security
• Network management
• Scalability
• WAN support

© Oxford University Press 2011


VMTP- Versatile Message Transfer
Protocol
• Supports request response behavior
• Provides transparency and
– group communication facility
– selective retransmission mechanism
– rate based control flow control
• Supports execution of non idempotent
operations and conditional delivery of real
time communication.

© Oxford University Press 2011


VMTP packet format

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VMTP client server interaction

© Oxford University Press 2011


FLIP--Fast local Internet Protocol
• Connectionless protocol
• Provides
– Transparency for process migration
– Secure message delivery
– Group management- private and public addresses
– Network management
– Efficient client server based communication

© Oxford University Press 2011


FLIP--Fast local Internet Protocol

© Oxford University Press 2011


FLIP box interface

© Oxford University Press 2011


FLIP box interface

© Oxford University Press 2011


© Oxford University Press 2011
Summary
• LAN and WAN technologies
• Protocols for Network Systems
• Asynchronous Transfer Mode
• Protocols for Distributed Systems
– VMTP
– FLIP

© Oxford University Press 2011

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