Terraform on AWS

Harjit Nanua
Part 1
Terraform
What is Terraform?
● Terraform is an open-source Infrastructure as Code (IaC) tool by HashiCorp.

● It allows you to define and provision infrastructure using declarative

configuration files.

● Supports multi-cloud platforms like AWS, Azure, GCP, and on-premises

systems.

● Enables infrastructure automation, reducing manual errors and improving

efficiency.
IaC?
● Infrastructure as Code (IaC) is the practice of managing and
provisioning infrastructure using machine-readable
configuration files instead of manual processes. It ensures
consistency, automation, and version control for infrastructure
deployments.
Benefits of Infrastructure as Code (IaC)
● Ensures consistent infrastructure deployment across environments

● Reduces manual configuration errors and enhances automation.

● Facilitates version control for infrastructure changes.

● Enables rapid scaling and disaster recovery.

● Simplifies collaboration between developers and operations teams.

Key Features of Terraform
● Declarative Syntax: Define what you want, not how to do it.

● State Management: Tracks current infrastructure state for updates.

● Dependency Graphing: Automatically manages resource dependencies.

● Execution Plan: Previews changes before applying them.

● Multi-Cloud Support: Operates across various cloud platforms and on-

premises.
Declarative Syntax
● Specify the desired end-state of your infrastructure.

● Terraform handles the steps to achieve the desired configuration.

● Simplifies complex infrastructure definitions.

● Reduces human error by abstracting procedural steps.

State Management
● Maintains a record of deployed resources in a state file.

● Helps Terraform understand the current infrastructure setup.

● Enables incremental updates instead of full redeployment.

● Ensures accurate tracking of resource changes.

Dependency Graphing
● Automatically determines dependencies between resources.

● Ensures resources are created, updated, or destroyed in the correct

order.

● Prevents configuration conflicts and errors.

● Visualize dependencies using tools like terraform graph.

Execution Plan
● Previews changes before applying them.

● Lists resources to be added, modified, or deleted.

● Helps validate changes and avoid unintended impacts.

● Use terraform plan to generate the execution plan.

Part 2
AWS
Execution Plan
Part 3
Terraform Parts
Terraform Core
● The heart of Terraform, responsible for managing the workflow.

● Reads configuration files (.tf) and manages the execution plans.

● Interacts with providers to perform resource operations.

● Stores and updates the state file (.tfstate) for tracking infrastructure
state.
Providers
● Act as plugins to interact with cloud service APIs (e.g., AWS, Azure,
GCP).

● Enable Terraform to manage resources for various platforms.

● Include specific configuration for each platform (e.g., regions,

authentication).
Provisioners
● Execute scripts or commands on resources during creation or
destruction.

● Types:

○ Remote-exec: Runs commands remotely on the resource (e.g.,

SSH into an instance).

○ Local-exec: Executes commands on the local machine.

State File (.tfstate)
● Tracks the current state of infrastructure.

● Ensures incremental updates by comparing the state file with the

configuration.

● Essential for managing infrastructure changes and detecting drift.

● Can be stored locally or remotely (e.g., in S3 for shared

environments).
Terraform Manifest Files (.tf)
● Define the desired infrastructure using HashiCorp Configuration
Language (HCL).

● Modular and reusable for different environments.

● Include resource definitions, variables, and outputs.

Part 4
Installing Terraform
Installing on windows
● Download terraform

● Change the path –Copy the path in downloads, open system

properties, create a new path

● Open CMD and type in terraform version

Installing on MacOs
Installing on MacOs
Terraform Registry
Next step, creating an AWS Account
Your IAM user account and beyond
● New user

● Log into your account

● Install the AWS CLI

● Setup your VS Code, with extention

Part 5
Working with
resources
AWS Resources
● EC2

● EBS

● And so on..
Terraform init
● Initializes the working directory.

● Downloads and installs the required provider plugins.

● Prepares Terraform to work with the configuration files.

● Must be run before any other Terraform commands.

Terraform plan
● Creates an execution plan based on the current state and
configuration files.

● Previews actions Terraform will take (add, modify, or delete resources).

● Highlights changes without actually applying them.

Terraform apply
● Executes the actions in the execution plan to align infrastructure with
the configuration.

● Prompts for confirmation before applying changes unless automated

with a flag.

● Creates, updates, or deletes resources as needed.

Other commands
● terraform state list

● terraform state show <resource>

● terraform state rm <resource>

● terraform state mv <source> <destination>

Other commands
● terraform validate

● terraform fmt

● terraform import

● terraform workspace list

● terraform show
Other commands
● terraform show

● terraform refresh

● terraform output

● terraform providers

● terraform modules -json

Other commands
● Terraform version

● Terraform upgrade
Part 6
Working with
resources
-VPC, ELB
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Speaker 01
Jenna Doe
CEO & founder

Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest

planet in the Solar System. It's the
fourth-brightest object in the night sky.
It was named after the Roman god of
the skies and lightning
● Saturn is a gas giant and has
several rings. It's composed
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Our history
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest
planet in the Solar System. It’s the fourth-
brightest object in the night sky. It was
named after the Roman god of the skies
and lightning
Saturn is a gas giant and has several rings.
It’s composed mostly of hydrogen and
helium. This planet was named after the
Roman god of wealth and agriculture
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and
the only one that harbors life in the Solar
System. We all live on this planet
Timeline

Venus Venus the second-brightest natural

object in the night sky after the Moon

Saturn Saturn was named after the Roman god

of wealth and agriculture

Jupiter Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest

planet in the Solar System

Mercury Mercury the closest planet to the Sun

and the smallest one in the Solar
System
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Timmy Jimmy Julian Lyman

Despite being red, Mars is Earth is the third planet
actually a cold place from the Sun and has life

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Saturn is the second-largest Neptune is the farthest
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Our big idea #1

Mercury Venus Mars

Mercury is the closest Venus is the second Despite being red, Mars
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun is actually a cold place

Jupiter Saturn Neptune

Jupiter doesn’t have a Saturn is composed of Neptune the farthest
solid surface hydrogen and helium planet from the Sun
Our big idea #2
Saturn is composed of
01
hydrogen and helium

Earth is the third planet

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from the Sun and has life

Jupiter is the biggest

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planet in the Solar System

Neptune is the farthest

04
planet from the Sun

25
Saturn 75
Jupiter 50
Mars
% Saturn has % Jupiter is a % Mars is made
several rings gas giant of basalt
Chart

Mercury
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
one in the Solar System

Venus
Venus has a beautiful name
and is the second planet
from the Sun

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● Mercury is the
● Venus is the second ● Despite being red,
closest planet to the
planet from the Sun Mars is a cold place
Sun
● Venus has extremely ● Mars is full of iron
● Mercury is a very
high temperatures oxide dust
small planet

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What’s next?
Earth is a planet that
05 harbors life Now
Jupiter is the biggest
04 planet of them all

Saturn is a gas giant Neptune is the

03 and has several farthest planet
rings from the Sun

Despite being red,

02 Mars is a cold place

Venus is the second

01 planet from the Sun Then
 Conference highlights
01 02
Mercury Venus
Mercury is the closest Venus is the second
planet to the Sun planet from the Sun

03 04 05
Jupiter Saturn Neptune
Jupiter doesn’t have a Saturn is composed of Neptune is the farthest
solid surface hydrogen and helium planet from the Sun
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Mercury is the closest
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