Sensitivity Analysis - Graphical Method
Sensitivity Analysis - Graphical Method
Graphical representation
1
The Galaxy Industries Production Problem –
A Prototype Example
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The Galaxy Industries Production Problem –
A Prototype Example
• Marketing requirement
– Total production cannot exceed 700 dozens.
– Number of dozens of Space Rays cannot exceed
number of dozens of Zappers by more than 350.
• Technological input
– Space Rays requires 2 pounds of plastic and
3 minutes of labor per dozen.
– Zappers requires 1 pound of plastic and
4 minutes of labor per dozen. 3
The Galaxy Industries Production Problem –
A Prototype Example
• The current production plan calls for:
– Producing as much as possible of the more profitable product,
Space Ray ($8 profit per dozen).
– Use resources left over to produce Zappers ($5 profit
per dozen), while remaining within the marketing guidelines.
• The current production plan consists of:
Space Rays = 450 dozen 8(450) + 5(100)
Zapper = 100 dozen
Profit = $4100 per week
4
Management is seeking a
production schedule that will
increase the company’s profit.
5
A linear programming model
can provide an insight and an
intelligent solution to this problem.
6
The Galaxy Linear Programming Model
• Decisions variables:
– X1 = Weekly production level of Space Rays (in dozens)
– X2 = Weekly production level of Zappers (in dozens).
• Objective Function:
– Weekly profit, to be maximized
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The Galaxy Linear Programming Model
FEASIBLE REGION
9
Using a graphical presentation
we can represent all the constraints,
the objective function, and the three
types of feasible points.
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Graphical Analysis – the Feasible Region
X2
X1
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Graphical Analysis – the Feasible Region
X2
Infeasible
Production Feasible
Time
3X1+4X2 £ 2400 X1
500 700
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Graphical Analysis – the Feasible Region
X2
1000 The Plastic constraint
2X1+X2 £ 1000
700 Total production constraint:
X1+X2 £ 700 (redundant)
500
Infeasible
Production mix
constraint:
Production Feasible X1-X2 £ 350
Time
3X1+4X2£ 2400
X1
500 700
Interior points. Boundary points. Extreme points.
• There are three types of feasible points 13
The search for an optimal solution
X2 Start at some arbitrary profit, say profit = $2,000...
1000 Then increase the profit, if possible...
...and continue until it becomes infeasible
X1
14
500
Summary of the optimal solution
Space Rays = 320 dozen
Zappers = 360 dozen
Profit = $4360
– This solution utilizes all the plastic and all the production hours.
dozens.
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Extreme points and optimal solutions
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Multiple optimal solutions
• For multiple optimal solutions to exist, the objective
function must be parallel to one of the constraints
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The Role of Sensitivity Analysis
of the Optimal Solution
• Is the optimal solution sensitive to changes in
input parameters?
• Range of Optimality
– The optimal solution will remain unchanged as long as
• An objective function coefficient lies within its range of
optimality
• There are no changes in any other input parameters.
M
Ma ax 4
x3
.75 X1 +
X 5X
1 +
Ma
5X 2
x8
2
X1
+5
500
X2
Max
2X + 5X
1
2
X1
20
500 800
Sensitivity Analysis of
Objective
X
Function Coefficients.
1000 2
Ma
x8
X1
Ma
x1
500
0 X1
Ma
x3
+5
.75
X1
X2
+5
X2
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Shadow Prices
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Shadow Price – graphical demonstration
The Plastic
constraint X2
When more plastic becomes available (the
plastic constraint is relaxed), the right hand
side of the plastic constraint increases.
1000
2X 1
+1
+1
x 2<
x 2<
=10
01
500
00
Shadow price =
4363.40 – 4360.00 = 3.40
Production time X1
constraint
500 24
Range of Feasibility
25
The Plastic
Range of Feasibility
constraint X2
1000
x 2<
constraint constraint
X1 + X2 £ 700
500
This is an infeasible solution
Production time
constraint
X1
500 26
The Plastic
Range of Feasibility
constraint 2X 1 X2
1000
as the amount of plastic
x 2£
increases.
100
0
500
Production time
constraint
X1
500 27
Range of Feasibility
X2
500
2X1 + 1X2 £ 1100
A new active
constraint
X1
500 28