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Lecture 21

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7 views17 pages

Lecture 21

Uploaded by

aksharpatel1715
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lecture 21

Chapter 11:
Exceptions

1
Exceptions
• An exception is a runtime error that
occurs while a program is executing.
• In Python, exceptions are raised when
an invalid operation is performed.
• When a Python script raises an
exception, it must either handle the
exception immediately otherwise it
terminates and quits.
• Example: try an input ‘one hundred fifty’
for this code:
Handling exceptions
• Python has special constructs known as exception-handling constructs
• Because they handle exceptional circumstances, or errors, during execution

• A program should gracefully handle an exception and continue


executing, instead of printing an error message and stopping
completely.
Handling exceptions: using try
and except
• When a try is reached, the statements in the try block are executed.
• If no exception occurs, the except block is skipped and the program continues.
• If an exception does occur, the except block is executed, and the program continues
after the except block.
• The try and except
constructs are used
together to implement
exception handling:
Handling exceptions: using try
and except
Modifying the BMI program to handle invalid user input:
• Code that potentially may produce
an exception is placed in a try
block.
• If the code in the try block causes
an exception, then the code placed
in a following except block is
executed.
Common exception types
Example:
Handling
exceptions:
using try and
except
Example:
Handling
exceptions:
using try and
except
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
print(my_list[3])

Example:
Handling
exceptions: _________________ FIXME ____________________________
using try and
my_list = [1, 2, 3]
except try:
print(my_list[3])
except:
print("Enter another index")
_____________________________________________________
Output: Enter another index
What is multiple exception
handlers and why we need that?
• An except block with no type (as previous examples) handles any unspecified
exception type, acting as a catchall for all other exception types

• A programmer should instead specify the particular exceptions to be handled.


• Otherwise, a program bug might be hidden when the catchall except clause handles
an unexpected type of error.
Multiple exception handlers

• A program may need to have unique exception-handling code for each error type.
• Multiple exception handlers can be added to a try block by adding additional
except blocks and specifying the type of exception that each except block handles.
user_input = ''
while user_input != 'q':
try:
weight = int(input("Enter weight (in pounds):
"))
height = int(input("Enter height (in inches):
"))
Example: bmi = (float(weight) / float(height * height)) *
Multiple 703
print(f'BMI: {bmi}')
exception print('(CDC: 18.6-24.9 normal)\n')
handlers except ValueError:
print('Could not calculate health info.\n')

user_input = input("Enter any key ('q' to quit): ")


user_input = ''
while user_input != 'q':
try:
weight = int(input("Enter weight (in pounds): "))
height = int(input("Enter height (in inches): "))

bmi = (float(weight) / float(height * height)) * 703


Example: print(f'BMI: {bmi}')
Multiple print('(CDC: 18.6-24.9 normal)\n')
www.cdc.gov
# Source

exception except ValueError:


handlers print('Could not calculate health info.\n')
except ZeroDivisionError:
print('Invalid height entered. Must be > 0.')

user_input = input("Enter any key ('q' to quit): ")


_______________________________________________________________
____
Input: zero
Output: Invalid height entered. Must be > 0.
Multiple exception handlers
Problem

• Write a program that prompts the user to enter a list of numbers (separated by space), calculates the
average of the numbers, and displays the result.
• However, if the list is empty, the program should display an error message and prompt the user to try
again. If the list contains a non-numeric element, the program should display an error message and
prompt the user to try again

• Input example:
• 5678
• Output:
• 6.5
Solution
try:
list_num = input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces:
").split()
num_list = [int(num) for num in list_num]
summation = sum(num_list)
average = summation/len(num_list)
print(average)
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input")
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("List cannot be empty")
Solution
try:
list_num = input("Enter a list of numbers separated by spaces:
").split()
num_list = [int(num) for num in list_num]
summation = sum(num_list)
average = summation/len(num_list)
print(summation)
print(average)
except (ValueError, ZeroDivisionError):
print("Invalid input or empty list")

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