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Enlightenment

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5 views81 pages

Enlightenment

Uploaded by

mgkoscheev
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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An 18th Century Movement

A Revolution of the Mind


Reason, natural law, and progres
were commonly used words of th
era. Explain…
•Empiricism - Test Everything
•Rationalism - Use Reason
Find Natural Laws
•Liberalism - Human Rights
•Positivism - Progress Possible
•Relationship to the Sc. Revolution?
•Role of Isaac Newton?
•Role of John Locke?
What Was the
Nature of the Old
World?
Was Absolutism “Natural”?
Did Monarchs Rule by “Divine Right”
What IS the Proper Relationship
Between Gov’t and the People?
Is There a NATURAL LAW?
•Wrote Leviathan (1651
•Nature of Man?
•Social Contract

Thomas Hobbes
Nature of Man?
Social Contract to:
Protect Natural Rights
of Life, Liberty,
Property
Two Treatises of Gov’t
in 1690

John Locke
Philosophe
Montesquieu Voltaire Rousseau

hat Did They Add to Political Though


So, the New:
•Government Organization
•Individual Rights
•New Terms
•Social Contract
•Liberalism
•Separation of Powers
•Checks and Balances
•Popular Sovereignty
A Paris Salon
•Denis Diderot
•Encyclopedia
•1751
•Spread Ideas...
Locke Voltaire Rousseau

What Did They Add to Social Thought


•Social Classes
•Crime and
Punishment
•Gender Roles
Cesare Beccaria
•On Crime and
Punishment
(1764)
• Legal Reform
•Role of Prisons?
•Rehabilitation, Not
Brutalization
•Gender Roles?
•Debate?
•Feminism…
•Vindication of the
Rights of Women
(1792)

Mary
Wollstonecraft
Proper Relationship?
Natural Law?
The Physiocrats

Francois Adam
Quesnay Smith
The Wealth of
Nations
1776
(1776)
•Laissez-Faire
Capitalism
•Natural Laws of
•Supply and Demand
•Self-Interest
•Competition
Religious Thought…
The “Old”
Too Dogmatic, Too Intolerant
The “New”
•Locke
•Descartes’ Dualism
•Voltaire – “If God Didn’t Exist…
•Diderot – Too Unreasonable
•Spinoza – Pantheism
•Pascal – Pensées (Reconciliatio
Benedict Blaise
Spinoza Pascal
•Definition?
•Supporters?
•Critics?
Reaction?
•Religious Revival
•Pietism
•Methodism
•Great Awakening
Nicholas von Zinzendorf John Wesley
The First Great Awakening
Review
•Politics?
Hobbes and Locke
Social Contract
Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau
New Terminology
•Economics?
•Mercantilism
•The Physiocrats
•Laissez-Faire
Review
•Social?
Locke
•Rousseau
•Beccaria
•Wollstonecraft
•New Terminology
•Religion?
•Deism
•Pietism
•All the Ideas (“ism’s”)
•A New Cosmology
•Literature
•Painting
•Architecture
•Music
•The Novel
•Philosophes’ Writings
•Alexander Pope
•Jonathan Swift
Alexander Jonathan
Pope Swift
•Neoclassicism
•Search for Order/Harmony
•Portray New Ways of Thinking
Baroque

Gian
Lorenzo
Bernini
Blue Boy

Thomas
Gainsborough
Louise
Vigée-
Le Brun

Portrait
Of Marie
Antoinett
e
Vigèe-LeBrun
Anthony
Van Dyck

Charles I
Velasquez

Las Meninas
Jean-
Baptiste
Chardin
Crucified
Christ
by
Francisco
Goya
“For
Being a
Jew”

Francisco
Goya
Rembrandt

Rembrandt’s Night Watch


Rembrandt

Self
Portrait
Rembrand
t

Contem-
plating
the
Bust
of ?
VERMEER
Jan Steen

The Idlers
Beer Street

William
Hogarth
Gin
Lane…
andscape with Rainbow by Rubens
Morning Harbor Claude
Lorrain
Architecture

Palladio
Royal Saltworks
Claude Ledoux
Royal Saltworks
Main factory:
Neoclassical
Order/harmony/
humane
Louvre

Next: Surgery Theater, Paris (1750s


Pantheon Rome (118-126)
Hotel Soubise
Paris

Rococo
Antoine Watteau “Voyage to Cythera
•More Secular
•New Forms
•Baroque
•Bach
•Handel
•Neoclassical
(Classical)
•Haydn
•Mozart
Handel Mozart
Beethoven
ere Its Accomplishments More in

Politics Economics Social


E R S I A
Category P
O
L
D

N
E
W

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