Smart Home

Revolution:
Enhancing Living
with IoT
Unlocking efficient automation
solutions for modern residences
and beyond.
AGENDA

Overview of the project

1

Scope of IoT in the project

2

IoT in Home automation

3

Data collection
4

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AGENDA

Connectivity
5

A Study of LoRa
6

LoRa Overview
7

LoRa Protocol and Network

8 Architecture

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AGENDA

E x p l o r i n g 6 L o W PA N
9 Technology

10 PCB Design & Embedded

Systems

11 How the team will be

managed ?

12 Management and Engagement

Strategy

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How Do We Connect Homes
to the Internet?

IoT (Internet of Things)

• IoT enables devices in

your home to
communicate, share data,
and be controlled over the
internet.

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Overview of the
project To design and implement an efficient IoT system for smart home applications
by developing ASICs for individual communication chips (6LoWPAN protocol)
and smart plugs, demonstrated initially using FPGA prototyping.

Integrate
Communication Microcontrollers
Smart Plugs: IoT Integration: Adaptive Smart
Network: & FPGA:
Features

Use LoRaWAN for Build a system Include systems

Start with STM
Create efficient long-range, low- where all home like adaptive fan
microcontrollers to
PCBs for smart power devices seamlessly control, water level
validate system
plugs. communication interact with each monitoring, and
functionality.
between devices. other and the user. energy tracking.

Ensure remote Shift to FPGA for Use sensors and

Develop firmware to Integrate 6LoWPAN
accessibility and enhanced algorithms to
monitor and control for lightweight IPv6
control through a performance and automate and
appliances' energy communication,
robust IoT custom hardware optimize household
usage in real time. enabling scalability.
integration. acceleration. operations.

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Scope of IoT in the
project
What is IoT?

The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of

physical devices embedded with sensors, software,
and communication technologies that connect to the
internet, enabling them to collect, exchange, and act
on data.

These devices can range from everyday objects like

home appliances, wearables, and vehicles to complex
systems like industrial machinery and city
infrastructure. The primary goal of IoT is to automate
processes, improve efficiency, and provide real-time
insights.
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 Scope of IoT in the
project
How IoT Works

Connectivity: Data is sent to a Action: Based on the analysis,

Data Collection: Devices
central system (cloud or local Data Processing: The system devices can take automated
collect data through sensors
server) using communication analyzes the data to identify actions or provide insights to
(e.g., temperature, motion,
protocols like Wi-Fi, LoRaWAN, patterns, trends, or anomalies. users through dashboards or
energy usage).
6LoWPAN, or Bluetooth. mobile apps.

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Scope of the project

Why IoT in our project ?

•Efficiency: Reduces energy waste, saves costs, and

automates repetitive tasks.

•Convenience: Allows remote control and real-time

monitoring of devices.

•Scalability: Enables seamless integration of multiple

devices into a single system.

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IoT in Home Automation

Advantages of IoT in Smart Homes

1.IoT systems enhance home automation, enabling smart devices to
communicate effortlessly, improving user convenience and lifestyle.
2.Energy efficiency is maximized as smart systems monitor consumption,
leading to reduced utility bills and a smaller carbon footprint.
3.Remote access and control of home devices provide flexibility and peace
of mind for homeowners, allowing them to manage their homes from
anywhere.

Challenges in IoT Implementation

4.Security concerns arise with IoT devices being potential targets for
hacking, requiring robust cybersecurity measures.
5.Complexity in setup and installation can deter users from adopting IoT
solutions, as they may require technical expertise.
6.Interoperability issues between different devices and manufacturers can 6
lead to frustrations and limited functionality in smart home systems.
Data collection
Temperature Sensors:
• Measure room temperature for applications like adaptive fan
speed control and HVAC optimization.

Water Level Sensors:

• Monitor water levels in tanks or reservoirs to prevent overflow or
detect low levels.

Current and Voltage Sensors:

• Measure electrical parameters to monitor the energy consumption
of appliances and ensure safety.

Motion Sensors:
• Detect movement to enable smart lighting and security systems.

Environmental Sensors:
• Detect humidity, air quality, or gas levels to ensure a healthy
living environment. 6
Data collection
Energy Monitoring:
• Use current and voltage sensors to monitor heavy appliances,
identify inefficiencies, and suggest optimizations.

Water Level Automation:

• Automate pump operation based on real-time water level data
from sensors.

Adaptive Controls:
• Adjust fan speed or HVAC settings dynamically based on
temperature and humidity readings.

Security Enhancements:
• Trigger alerts or record events using motion sensors in
unauthorized areas.

Smart Notifications:
• Send updates and actionable insights (e.g., water level low, air 6
quality poor) via a mobile app.
Connectivity

• Data Transmission to Hub/Gateway:

The device sends this data to a hub or
gateway over protocols like Zigbee, BLE,
or LoRa.

• Data Transmission to Cloud: The hub

or device transmits the collected data to
the cloud using HTTP, MQTT, or another
protocol.

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Connectivity
1. MQTT -> Advantages: Lightweight, low-bandwidth, efficient for real-time
communication.
Disadvantages: Not ideal for high-bandwidth data transfers.

2. HTTP -> Advantages: Tasks that don't require low-latency, real-time

communication.
Disadvantages: More resource-intensive than lightweight protocols.
Latency Not optimal for real-time communication.

3. Zigbee -> Advantages: Low power consumption, good for mesh

networks.
Disadvantages: Limited range compared to WIFI, lower data throughput.

4. WIFI -> Advantages: High-speed, real-time communication.

Disadvantages: Higher power consumption, overkill for low-data IoT
applications. 6
Connectivity
MQTT is generally considered a better fit for
LoRaWAN due to its lightweight nature and
suitability for devices with limited power and
intermittent connectivity. But the choice of
protocol totally depends on the requirement
of your product.

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A Study of LoRa: Long Range & Low Power
Networks for the Internet of Things

INTRODUCTION:

• Overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) and its unique challenges: limited
memory, bandwidth, and power.

• Emergence of Low-Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) like LoRa to

address IoT needs.

• Objective of the study: Analysis of LoRa’s physical layer, network performance,

and proposed enhancement.

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Bandwidth vs Range

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LoRa Overview
Meaning:
"Long Range" wireless communication protocol using Chirp
Spread Spectrum (CSS).

Key Features:
Long range (up to 5 km in suburban areas and 15 km in rural
areas).
Low power consumption ideal for battery-powered IoT devices.
Operates on ISM(Industrial, Scientific and Medical) bands
(433 MHz, 868 MHz, or 915 MHz).
IN865 (865–867 MHz) in India
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LoRa Protocol and Network Architecture

Protocol Stack:
• Physical Layer: Uses CSS for robustness against interference.
• MAC Layer (LoRaWAN): Open standard for medium access control.

Network Architecture:
• Topology: Star-of-stars.
• Components:
End devices (sensors/actuators).
Gateways (relays to servers).
Network servers (central control).
End devices communicate via gateways, which forward messages to the
server.

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LoRa Protocol and Network
Architecture
Testing Setup:
• Devices tested in suburban environments
for coverage and receiver sensitivity.
• Parameters: Bandwidth (125–500 kHz),
spreading factor (7–12), and code rate.
Range and Sensitivity:
• Coverage up to 5 km with dense dwellings.
• Receiver sensitivity up to -136 dBm with
high spreading factors.
Limitations:
• Lower data rates with higher spreading
factors.
• Vulnerability to collisions under heavy
network loads.
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LoRaWAN Analysis
Challenges Identified:
• Scalability: Performance degrades quickly with network load (similar to
ALOHA).
• Interference: High collision rates in dense deployments.
Proposed Enhancements:
• Implement CSMA mechanisms to reduce collisions.
• Develop fragmentation support for large payloads.
• Explore proprietary frequency bands to avoid duty cycle limitations.

Device Classes:
• Class A: Lowest power consumption with bi-directional
communication.
• Class B: Scheduled receive slots for synchronization.
• Class C: Maximum receive windows but highest power consumption.
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Exploring 6LoWPAN Technology

The 6LoWPAN protocol was standardized by the IETF in 2004,

6LoWPAN enabling IPv6 communication over low-power wireless personal area
2004 networks (LoWPAN). This innovation made it feasible to integrate
Standardizatio battery-powered devices into the broader Internet ecosystem.

n
The first commercially available 6LoWPAN communication chips
First were launched in 2011, allowing manufacturers to design smart
2011 6LoWPAN
devices that could communicate wirelessly. These chips laid the
groundwork for the proliferation of IoT devices connecting
seamlessly to the Internet.
Chips
Smart plugs began to appear in consumer markets, leveraging 6LoWPAN
Smart Plug technology for remote control and monitoring. These devices enable users
to manage their appliances efficiently, leading to enhanced energy
2014 Revolution savings and convenience.

By 2018, numerous manufacturers adopted 6LoWPAN, focusing on

Enhanced interoperability between smart devices. This development aimed to
2018 Interoperabilit create a cohesive smart home ecosystem, allowing devices from
different brands to work together seamlessly.
y
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Exploring 6LoWPAN Technology
In 2021, integration of 6LoWPAN technology with artificial intelligence
emerged, enabling smarter energy management and predictive analytics
Integrati
2023 in smart plugs. This advancement has increased user engagement and
on with efficiency in energy consumption.

AI

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PCB Design & Embedded
Systems
Objective:
 Develop a smart home automation system using
PCB design for components like smart plugs, relays,
gateways, and voltage regulators.
 Embedded systems are used for quick prototyping
and creating blueprints for ASIC designs. They save
time, require less effort, and use simple
programming languages like C/C++ for easy
implementation.
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PCB Design & Embedded
Systems
Importance of PCB Design in IoT
Projects:
Integrates components like smart plug circuits,
relays, gateways, and voltage regulators into a
single, efficient layout.
 Tailored designs for smart home needs
 Minimizes interference and ensures reliable data
transmission.
Additional Applications for PCB
•Design:
Sensor modules for temperature, motion, and
light detection.
• IoT-enabled smart meters.
• Smart lighting systems with dimming control

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PCB Design & Embedded Systems

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PCB Design & Embedded Systems
PCB Design & Embedded Systems
Why Embedded Systems in Smart Home
Automation?

Blueprint for Execution:

PCB Design & Embedded Systems

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How the team will be managed ?

• 3rd Year Seniors:

• Robbins - LoRa Communication
• Shashank - Networking
• Shayan - Chip Design

• Sophomores:
• Assigned to respective domains under the
guidance of seniors.
• Focus on task execution and intermediate
learning.

• Freshers:
• Support roles across domains.
• Primary focus: foundational learning under mentorship.
Management and Engagement
Strategy
Hierarchy Maintained at All Times:
• Seniors oversee and define goals.
• Sophomores execute tasks with mentorship.
• Freshers focus on basic skills and assist in project tasks.

Task and Learning Flow:

• Clear, achievable short-term goals set by seniors.
• Regular follow-ups ensure progress and guidance.
• Heavy workload in one domain? Others assigned learning
projects to stay engaged.
Any
Questions?

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THANK
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