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Basic Computer Hardware and Software

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36 views25 pages

Basic Computer Hardware and Software

Uploaded by

sohel146146
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INSTRUCTION

ON HARDWARE
AND SOFTWARE.
INPUT DEVICES
 InputDevices: devices
that input information
into the computer
such as a keyboard,
mouse, scanner, and
digital camera.
OUTPUT DEVICES
 Output:devices that
output information
from the computer
such as a printer and
monitor.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
 Computer Hardware
would include all the
parts of a computer.
 Computer Software
includes the
programs that are
installed.. Or the
instructions for
completing tasks.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
 CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the
Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the Computer.
 Processor speed: The speed at which a
microprocessor executes instructions. This is
usually measured in megahertz (MHz).
 Brands of Processors include:
 Pentium

 Celeron

 MAC

 AMD

 Cyrix
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
 Computer chip: also called the
microprocessor may contain
an entire processing unit.
 Computer chips contain
millions of transistors. They are
small pieces of semi-
conducting material (silicon).
 An integrated circuit is
embedded in the silicon.
Computers are made of many
chips on a circuit board.
DATA STORAGE DEVICES
 The hard-drive is a mechanical
storage device typically located
internally.
 Fast recording and recovery

of data
 Large storage capacity

 Magnetic

 Primary storage device for

data and programs


 Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s

(Revolutions per minute)


DATA STORAGE DEVICES
(CONT’D)
 CD-ROM (compact disk
read only memory)

 An optical device read


by a diode laser
DATA STORAGE DEVICES
(CONT’D)
 Floppy diskette is
magnetic storage
device for small
amounts of data
(1.44MB).
 FLASH drive is a
compact and portable
electronic storage
device.
 USB (plug and play)
supported
COMPUTER MEMORY
 RAM (random access
memory) stores data that is
processing. This type of
memory is erased when the
computer is turned off.
 ROM (read only memory)
contains special instructions
for the computer to operate.
 Cache memory increases the
speed of the processor by
recording and anticipating
instructions.
GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE
(GUI)
 GUI (Graphic User Interface) is a set of
images and icons seen on the desktop
used to operate a program.
 The GUI makes the programs loaded on

the computer easier to access and use.


Basic Windows GUI
 Icons are small pictures that represent

files, commands, or windows.


 Windows is a GUI operating system.
VIDEO CARDS
 Video cards plug into the
motherboard and are used
to display video.
 VRAM is video memory that
enhances the refreshment
rate of the image.
 Video cards have chipsets
that can increase the speed
of video display.
PORTS AND PERIPHERALS
 Ports are an interface between the computer and
another peripheral device such as a disk drive, mouse,
printer, modem, monitor, camera, FLASH drive or
keyboard.
Examples:
Serial
Parallel
hot-wire
USB
PORTS AND PERIPHERALS
 Peripherals are devices
that plug into a computer
and are not housed
internally.
Examples:
Printers
Scanners
Cameras
LAN AND WAN
 LAN: are networks usually in
the same company or
building. The Local Area
Network is connected via
telephone lines or radio
waves. Most LANs connect
workstations.
 WAN: are systems of LANs
that are connected. (Wide-
area network)
BANDWIDTH AND BAUD RATE
 Bandwidth is how much
information can be carried
in a given time period
(usually a second) over a
wired or wireless
communications link.
 Baud rate is the rate at
which information is
transferred in a
communication channel.
MULTITASKING AND
MULTIPROCESSING
 Multitasking is the ability to
execute more than one task
(program) at the same time.
Only one CPU is used but
switches from one program
to another.
 In multiprocessing, more
than one CPU is used to
complete a task. Example:
network rendering.
MULTIMEDIA
 Multimedia software
programs include sound,
pictures, video, text, and
hypertext to create
presentations.
Software includes:
PowerPoint
Macromedia Director
FLASH
RESOLUTION
 Screen resolution is measured in pixel per inch
(ppi), and printer resolution is measured in dots
per inch (dpi).
 Computer screen resolution is approximately 72
ppi.

Width x Height (Pixels) Video Display


640 x 480 Low Resolution
800 x 600 Medium Resolution
1600 x 1200 High Resolution
RESOLUTION
 Resolution refers to the
number of pixels (picture
elements) in the monitor
image.
 Increased resolution uses
more computer resources
but increases the visual
clarity of the display.
COMPUTER MEMORY
 Computer memory is binary (0 or 1) (on or off).
 The byte is the standard unit of measurement.
 A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).
 Typical units of measurement:
 1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes

 1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million

bytes
 1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion

bytes
1 Tb(Terabyte)= 1000 gigabytes or 1 trillon
FILE MANAGEMENT
 Saving files - know the difference
between “save” and “save as”.
“Save” will save the open document
over the saved document while
“save as” creates a new document if
you rename the document. Save
often so work will not be lost.
 Exporting – converts a native format
to a non-native file format used in
various software programs. In vector
programs, file types may be
exported.
FILE MANAGEMENT
 Different programs have different file extensions.
 Naming files - avoid the following characters in naming files:

Examples:
 @
*
 .

 Understand the parts of a path name.

Example: C:\SciVis\movie.avi
Drive designator Directory or folder File name File extension
FILE MANAGEMENT
 Merging files - in 3D
graphics, bringing an
outside file into an open
file (another name for
this may be loading or
replacing objects in the
workspace).
 Importing files - bringing
a converted non-native
format file into an open
file.
THE END

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