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Unit 10 Noise

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14 views24 pages

Unit 10 Noise

Uploaded by

anjusubedi729
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit-10

Noise
Prepared By: Sushila Pokharel

Monday, January 20, 2025 1


Contents(4hrs)

• Meaning, sources and properties of noise

• Effect of noise pollution to human health


• Auditory effect
• Non-auditory effect
Noise
INTRODUCTION:
Noise is perceive as “Unwanted Sound” but this definition is subjective because of
the fact that one mans sound may be another mans noise .
Sound that which is unwanted and disrupts one’s quality of life, is known as NOISE.

Normal sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs our normal activities such as
working , sleeping and during conversation.
Noise is an unwanted, unpleasant and annoying sound caused by vibration of the
matter.
• Noise is “wrong sound, in the wrong place, at wrong time.” Noise
pollution is unwanted that are annoying, stressful and damaged to the ears.

• Sound that is unwanted or that disrupts the activity or balance of human or


animal life is called as noise. When there is lot of noise in the
environment, then it is termed as noise pollution.

• Noise pollution refer to the pollution of environment with high intensity of


sound produced from various sources and which can cause harmful effect
on human health as well as other plants and animal.
Properties:
•Noise has two important properties:

LOUDNESS

FREEQUENCY
• Loudness : It depends upon the amplitude of vibrations which
initiated the noise.

• The loudness of noise is measured in decibels (dB).

• The normal conversation produce 60-65 dB, whispering 20-30 dB,


heavy street traffic 60-80 dB, factory 120 dB and above.

• The recommended maximum noise level for people is 85 dB. People


can tolerate up to 85 dB without substantial damage to their hearing.

Monday, January 20, 2025 6


Acceptable noise level
Residential Bed room 25 dB
Living room 40 dB

Commercial Office 30-40 dB


Conference 40-45 dB
Restaurants 40-60 dB

Industrial Workshop 40-60 dB


Laboratory 40-50 dB

Educational Classroom 30-40 dB


Library 35-40 dB

Hospitals Wards 20-35 dB


Frequency
The frequency is denoted by Hertz (Hz). One Hz is equal to one wave per
second. It is defined as the number of complete waves formed in a particular
time. The human ear can hear frequencies from about 20 to 20,000 Hz, but this
range is reduced with the age and the factors.
The range of vibrations below 20Hz are infra-audible and those above
20,000Hz is ultrasonic. Many animals can hear the sound inaudible to the
human ear.
Sources of noise pollution

• Household sources.

• Social Events.

• Constructional & Industrial Activities.

• Transportation.
Household Sources: Gadgets like food mixer, grinder, vacuum cleaner,
washing machine and dryer, cooler, air conditioners, can be very noisy and
injurious to health.

• Others include loud speakers of sound systems and TVs, ipods, radio

• Dog barking
Social Events: Places of worship, discos and, parties and other social
events also create a lot of noise for the people living in that area.

• In many market areas, people sell with loud speakers


• Commercial & Industrial Activities: The noise from the construction of highways,
city street and building is a major contributor to the noise pollution. Construction
noise sources include pneumatic hammers, air compressor, bulldozer, loaders,
dumptrucketc. Printing presses, manufacturing industries, construction sites
contribute the noise pollutions in large cities.

• Transportation: Aeroplanes, Over ground and Under ground trains, vehicles on


roads, traffic noise.
Sources of noise pollution
• Automobiles

• Factories

• Industries

• Air craft

• Trains

• Heavy traffic in the area

• Bus terminuses and airport


• Use of pressure horn

• Recreational noise of loudspeakers with full volume

• Domestic noise from the mixer grinder, radio, television, vaccum


cleaner

• Barking of dog

Monday, January 20, 2025 14


Effects of noise pollution

1. Auditory effects : It includes auditory fatigue and deafness


Auditory fatigue : It appears in 90 dB region and greatest at 4000 Hz. It is
associated with side effects such as whistling , and buzzing in ears.

Deafness : The most serious pathological effect is deafness or hearing loss.


The hearing loss may be permanent or temporary. Temporary hearing loss
occurs if exposes in 4,000-6,000Hz.
• Repeated or continuous exposure to noise around 100 decibels may result in
permanent hearing loss, in this the inner ear damage may vary from minor
change in the hair cell ending or complete destruction of the organ of Corti.

• When this occurs as a result occupation, it is called occupational hearing loss.


Exposure to the noise above 160 db may rupture the tympanic membrane and
cause permanent hearing loss.
Non-auditory effects; It includes interference with speech, annoyance ,
loss of working efficiency, physiological change.

1. Interference with speech: A noise of 50-60dB commonly interferes


with speech.

2 Annoyance: This is primarily a psychological response. A neurotic


person is more sensitive to noise than balance people . They shows
behaviour like irritated, short tempered and impatient etc.
3. Loss of working efficiency: Noise develops tiredness in doing mental work . Low
level of noise is always desired . Reduction in noise has been found to increase
work output.

4. Physiological change: A number of temporary physiological changes occur in


human body such as rise in BP, rise in intracranial pressure, tachycardia, increase
in breathing rate and swelling etc. General symptoms may giddiness , nausea,
fatigue, anxiety may occur.

5. Disturbs rest and sleep pattern.


Control of noise pollution
1. Careful planning of cities: In planning cities, the following points should be
considered.
 Division of the city into zone with separation of areas concerned with industry
and transport.
 The separation of the residential area from the main streets by means of wide
green belt.
 House fronts should not be less than 15meters from main roads.

 Widening of main streets reduce the level of noise penetration in residential


areas.
2. Improve in building construction:

 This can be achieved by covering the room walls with sound absorber as
acoustic tiles and construction of enclosures around industrial machinery.
Construction of detached building rather than a single large building
control the noise . Building should be sound proof where necessary.
3. Controlling of vehicles :

• Heavy vehicles are not allowed into narrow streets. Vehicular traffic on
residential streets should be reduced. Unnecessary blowing of the horns and
use of pressure horn should be prohibits.

4. Industries and bus terminuses:

• Special areas must be in outside residential areas for industries and bus
terminuses. When these demands cannot be met, protective greenbelts must
be laid down between the installation and residential areas.
5. Protection of exposed person :

• Hearing protection is recommended to all workers who are constantly


exposed to noise louder than 85 dB or 150 and above Hz.

• They should be provide and made to wear protective devices as ear plugs
and ear muffs. Rotate the workers regularly in noisy to non noisy areas
periodically. Periodical audiogram should be done to check the hearing
status.
6. Legislation :

• Silence zones must be created near school, hospitals and other noise
free areas. Adequate restriction must be laid to unnecessary blow of
horn and vehicles playing without silencers.

7. Education :

• Public must be made aware and educated about noise nuisance


through adequate news, media, lectures and other programmes.
THANK
YOU
Monday, January 20, 2025 24

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