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Digital Circuits

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21 views62 pages

Digital Circuits

Uploaded by

rachelanncastillo0608
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DIGITAL

Q
2n
ua
d

r t CIRCUITS
er

(Binary
Digits)
Digital
Circuits
Is an electric circuit
where the signal is
either of the two
discrete levels – ON /
OFF or 0 / 1 or TRUE /
FALSE.
How Digital circuit
In digital electronic
works?
circuits, electric
signals take on Don
't
forg
discrete values, which et

are not dependent ...

upon time, to
... represent logical and

numeric values. These


values represent the
information that is
BINARY
01
DIGITS
According to digital electronics,
a binary number is defined as a
number that expressed in the
binary system or base 2
numeral system. It describes
numeric values by two separate
symbols; 1 and 0. The base-2
system is the positional
BINARY
01
DIGITS
The binary system is applied
internally by almost all latest
computers and computer-based
devices because of its direct
implementation in electronic
circuits using logic gates. Every
digit is referred to as a BIT.
What is BIT in Binary
Number?
A single binary
digit is called a
“BIT”. A binary
number consists of
several bits
Single Bit: Represents the
most basic unit of data in
computing. Each bit can
hold one of two values:
0 (off) or 1 (on).
Multiple Bits: When you combine bits, you
can represent larger values. For instance:

1 bit can represent two values:


0 or 1.
2 bits can represent four values:
00, 01, 10, 11.
3 bits can represent eight values:
000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110,111.
BINARY NUMBER TABLE
NUMBER BINARY NUMBER
1 1
2 10
3 11
4 100
5 101
6 110
7 111
8 1000
9 1001
10 1010
BINARY
OPERATION
01
BINARY
ADDITION
BINARY
01 ADDITION
Adding two binary numbers
will give us a binary number
itself. It is the simplest
method.
Binary Numbers Addition
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0; Carry 1
How to Add Binary
Numbers
Binary Digits: Just like decimal addition, you add
binary digits (bits) from right to left.
Basic Rules:
•0+0=0
•0+1=1
•1+0=1
• 1 + 1 = 0 (and carry over 1 to the next column)
• 1 + 1 + 1 = 1 (and carry over 1 to the next column)
Example of Binary Addition
Let's add the binary numbers 1011
(11 in decimal) and 1101
(13 in decimal):

1011
+ 1101
-------
How to Add Binary
Step-by-Step: Numbers
Start from the right:
1 + 1 = 0 (carry 1)
Move to the next column:
1 (from carry) + 1 + 0 = 10 (write down 0, carry 1)
Next column:
1 (from carry) + 0 + 1 = 10 (write down 0, carry 1)
Last column:
1 (from carry) + 1 + 1 = 11 (write down 1, carry 1)
How to Add Binary
1011 Numbers
+ 1101
---------
11000

Result
The result is 11000, which is 24 in decimal.
To convert the binary number 11000 to
decimal,
you can follow these steps:
02
BINARY
SUBTRACTION
BINARY
02 SUBTRACTION
Subtracting two binary
numbers will give us a binary
number itself. It is also a
straightforward method.
Binary Numbers Subtraction
0 0 0
0 1 1; Borrow 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Note:
The addition of two binary numbers 1 and 1 is 10,
where we consider 0 and carry forward 1 to the
next high order. But in the case of subtraction of 1
and 1, the answer is equal to 0, and nothing is
carried forward.
In the case of decimal subtraction, when 1 is
subtracted from 0, then we borrow 1 from the
next preceding number and make it 10, and after
subtraction, it results in 9, i.e. 10 – 1 = 9. But for
binary subtraction, it results in 1 only.
Binary Subtraction Rules
Rules and tricks: Binary
subtraction is much easier than the
decimal subtraction when you
remember the following rules:
•0 – 0 = 0
• 0 – 1 = 1 ( with a borrow of 1)
•1 – 0 = 1
•1 – 1 = 0
Example 1: 0100010 – 0001010
Solution:
1

0 2 2

01 00010
- 0001 010
——————
0 0 1 1 0 00
Example Decimal Equivalent :
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 = 34
1: 0100010 – 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 = 10
0001010 Therefore, 34 – 10 = 24

Solution: The binary resultant


0 0 1 1 0 0 0 is
0 212
equivalent to 24.
0100010=
34
- 0001010=
10
Binary Subtraction Examples

Example 2: 0011010 – 001100


Solution:

001 1010
- 001100
——————
0001110
Practice Problems
Perform the binary subtraction: 111001 – 101011

2. Subtract 1000 from 1111.


Example of Binary
Subtraction
Let’s subtract 101 from 1010
Procedure to do Binary
Subtraction:
1010
- 101
Step 1: First consider the 1’s column, and subtract
the one’s column,( 0 – 1 ) and it gives the result 1
as per the condition of binary subtraction with a
borrow of 1 from the 10’s place.
Step 2: After borrowing 1 from the 10’s column,
the value 1 in the 10’s column is changed into the
value 0
1 Borrow
1010
- 101
——————
1
Step 3: So, subtract the value in the 10’s place, ( 0 – 0 ) =
0.
1 Borrow
1010
- 101
——————
01
Step 4: Now subtract the values in 100’s place. Borrow 1
from the 1000’s place ( 0 – 1 ) = 1.
1 1 Borrow
1010
- 101
——————
0101
the resultant of the subtraction operation is 0101.

When you cross-check the binary subtraction


resultant value with the decimal value, the
resultant value should be the same.

The binary value 1010 is equal to the decimal


value 10, and 101 is equivalent to 5

Therefore, 10 – 5 = 5
Therefore, the decimal number 5 is equal to the
binary number 0101.
BINARY
03 MULTIPLICATION
Multiplication process is the
same for the binary numbers
as it is for numeral
Binary Numbers Multiplication
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
04BINARY DIVISION
Division is similar to the
decimal number division
method.
Binary Numbers Division
0 0 Meaningless
0 1 0
1 0 Meaningless
1 1 1
What Is Binary Division?
The process of binary division is performed
on binary numbers and it is pretty similar
to the division of decimal numbers.
The base of the binary number system is
2.
It uses only two digits (0 and 1) when
performing the division of binary numbers.
The binary division procedure involves
both binary multiplication and binary
How To Do Binary Division
There are different ways to do
binary division. The simplest way
is the long division method. Just
like decimal division, there are
four key steps involved in the
binary division.
Divide the suitable digits of the
dividend and record the quotient.
• Multiply the divisor by the
quotient and write the product
below.
• Subtract the product from the
dividend and write the
difference below.
Binary Long Division
The process of binary long
division is similar to that of
the decimal number system.
It comprises dividing,
multiplying, subtracting, and
bringing down.
The quotient is
11102.

111002 ÷ 102 =
SW
Solved Examples on Binary
Division
1: Divide 10010 by 11
2: Divide 100100 by
100
3: Find the answer of
the binary

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