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CIVL2104 Hydraulics & Hydrology

Tutorial: Hydraulic Machinery


Lecturer: Mingfu Guan
Email: [email protected]
Tel: 2859 1965
Q1: A hydraulic turbine develops 9000 kW under a head of 10
m at a speed of 90 rpm and gives an efficiency of 92.7%.
Calculate the water consumption and the specific speed. If a
model of 1/10 full scale is constructed to operate under a head of
8 m, what must be its speed, power and water consumption to
run under the similar conditions to the prototype? How would
the model efficiency compare with the prototype?

The resulting pi groups for head (H), discharge (Q) and


power (P) are:

Q gH P
1  2  2 2 3  3 5
ND 3 N D N D
Q4: An inward-flow reaction turbine rotates at 100 rpm and discharges 15
m3/s. The inlet edges of the runner blades are at 120o to the direction of whirl.
The outer diameter of the runner is 1.2 m and the breadth at inlet is 0.8 m.
Assume design operating conditions and no velocity of whirl at outlet,
calculate the power delivered by the runner. If the elevation difference
between the head race and the tail race is 10 m and the head available to the
turbine is 8 m, what is the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine? Why is there a
difference of 2 m in the two heads?

For turbine, water is flowing from outer


circle to inner circle. The velocity
triangle is shown below.

Power = ρQ Δ(uVt)
Solution:
Turbine 100 rpm, Q = 15 m3/s
Q= Vn*circumference*thickness
15 m3/s= Vn*3.14*1.2m*0.8m,
so Vn = 4.98 m/s
u = 2*3.14*100/60 rad/s * 1.2/2 m=6.28 m/s
Vt = u+Vn/tan 60 。 =6.28+4.98/1.732 = 9.16
m/s
Available Power
Power delivered = ρQΔ(uVt) = 863KW
QgH 1000 15 9.81 8 1.177 MW
863 kW
Hydraulic Efficiency  73.3%
1.177MW

The 2 m difference is due to friction loss in pipe and kinetic energy of tail race.
Q5: It is required to pump water from a stream up to a reservoir. The
elevation of the stream’s free surface fluctuates between 1.5 m and 4.6
m; while the delivery of the pump is at 5.2 m elevation. The friction loss
in the pipe work is given by hf = 3.7 Q2, where hf is in metres and Q in
m3/min. Two pumps are available for selection and their characteristics
are as follows.
Q: Which pump, A or B, will operate more efficiently in this application? If
the more efficient pump is used, what is the discharge when the free
surface of the stream is at 1.5 m elevation, and what is the power input to
the pump?
Pump A: Pump B:

1. H-Q curve Discharge, Head, Efficiency, Discharge, Head, Efficiency,


Q, m3/min H, m % Q, m3/min H, m %
2. Loading curve
3. Efficiency curve 0.5 16.5 30 0.5 19.5 35
1.0 16.0 60 1.0 19.0 75
4. Operation point
1.5 13.5 75 1.5 16.0 80
2.0 8.0 70 2.0 9.0 55
Soluton:
Hf = 3.7 Q2 m3/min
5.2 m – 1.5 m = 3.7 m
5.2 m – 4.6 m = 0.6 m
Hlift = 0.6 m
Hlift = 3.7 m
Use the figure, pump A will be used.
Pump A, water surface at 1.5 m, H = 12.9 m,
Q = 1.57 m3/min, η = 75%
m3
1.57
1 1 kg m min 12.9 m 4.42 kW
Power  QgH  1000 3 9.81 2 
 0.75 m s min
60
s

Similar question Q3, Q6


Solution:
Pump Load Curve H = Hlift + 104×Q2
Plot the loading curve and efficiency curve (Q- η)
(a) For single pump:
1) plot H-Q curve by using the data in the table,
2) identify the intersection of H-Q curve and load curve
3) find the Q, H, η
4) calculate Pinput by using Q, H, η
(b) In parallel:
1) plot H-Q curve by using the data H vs. 2Q ,
2) identify the intersection of H-Q curve and load curve
3) find the Q, H for the parallel system
4) for each pump, discharge will be Q/2, head is H, then find η from efficiency curve
5) calculate Pinput for each pump by using Q/2, H, η
6) For two pump, P=2 Pinput
(c) In series:
1) plot H-Q curve by using the data 2H vs. Q ,
2) identify the intersection of H-Q curve and load curve
3) find the Q, H for the parallel system
4) for each pump, discharge will be Q, head is H/2, then find η from efficiency curve
5) calculate Pinput for each pump by using Q, H/2, η
6) For two pump, P=2 Pinput

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