COMPUTER INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

By ~ abhay poonia
Sec ~ cyber security
Roll no ~ ‘02’
 DEFINATION

COMPUTER INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) IS A

BROAD FIELD THAT INVOLVES THE USE OF COMPUTERS
AND OTHER TECHNOLOGIES TO MANAGE, PROCESS,
AND EXCHANGE INFORMATION. IT INCLUDES A VARIETY
OF SUBFIELDS AND SPECIALIZATIONS, SUCH AS
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, DATA STORAGE, AND
NETWORKING
WHY IS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IMPORTANT?

Technology impacts nearly every aspect of daily life, including how people
communicate, learn, socialize, work, bank, and more. IT professionals
ensure that this technology—including its underlying networks and
software—operates effectively.
Thanks to IT professionals, organizations and individuals enjoy better
connections through faster, more accessible communication and increased
productivity through easier access to information. From finance to farming,
nearly every industry relies on information technology, and this
dependence is only going to become stronger.
WHAT AREAS DOES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
INCLUDE?
IT comprises many career paths and disciplines, but the following are the
five main professional areas of IT:
1.Administration: handling the daily operations and deployment of software
upgrades, security, and data management.
2.Support: answering questions and troubleshooting problems.
3.Applications: delivering critical third-party business capabilities and
services.
4.Compliance: securing and monitoring access to business data and
applications to ensure they’re used according to business governance
policies that meet regulatory requirements.
5.Cybersecurity: developing and utilizing software that secures computer-
based systems and keeps digital assets safe.
TYPES OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Obvious examples of IT include computers, networks, and software. But IT

also involves anything related to computing technology and its distribution,
including online shopping, streaming movies and shows, and social media
platforms.
There are many other examples of IT-enabled innovation, the most notable
being artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. AI can simulate
certain characteristics of human intelligence. It’s used in problem-solving,
speech recognition, planning, learning, and more. It can even provide
suggestions based on previous searches, online activities, and purchases.
In the healthcare industry, AI is helping to provide safer and more efficient
care for patients everywhere. It’s being used in various treatments for
patients as well as surgical operations. It also has a presence in electronic
health records to store and learn from data, in scheduling services for
doctors and patients, and in the many technological devices that doctors
use daily.
Obvious examples of IT include computers, networks, and software. But IT
also involves anything related to computing technology and its distribution,
including online shopping, streaming movies and shows, and social media
platforms.
In today’s classrooms, teachers and students can utilize AI for
educational purposes such as plagiarism checkers, citation
finders, research archives, and more.
Machine language is another example of IT innovation. It’s based
around the idea that humans can give machines data and allow
them to learn for themselves. Social media platforms utilize
machine learning algorithms and intelligence to serve up relevant
ads, display content that matches user preferences, and more.
Machine learning also helps autonomous technology to work
properly—think self-driving cars, for example. Cars can now learn
from their surroundings, recognize how traffic signs impact their
routes, and observe pedestrians and other vehicles.
CAREERS IN COMPUTER INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
The number of careers in the IT industry is constantly increasing thanks to
continuous innovation and the growing demand for able IT experts. Some
of the most common careers include the following:
•Web developer. Web developers are the primary architects of the websites
and web apps that people around the world use in their everyday lives.
•Information security analyst. These professionals are at the forefront of
modern cybersecurity. They help protect digital data and networks from
hackers, malware, and other cyber threats.
•Computer support specialist. When users face technical issues or need
proper network administration, they turn to computer support specialists
for assistance.
•Computer programmer. Programmers write, edit, and debug code for all
kinds of computer software. They may be involved in web development,
software development, or software engineering.
•Computer research scientist. A computer research scientist finds new ways
to implement computing technology through rigorous data analysis and
mathematical modeling.
WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE?

think of hardware as any part of a computer that’s

physical (like a keyboard, hard drive, or monitor).
Software includes digital elements such as programs,
apps, photo editors, and web browsers. Simply put,
software tells hardware what to do and hardware
executes those directions. Hardware and software serve
very different purposes but rely on each other in order to
function.
 Software-based jobs in IT Hardware-based IT jobs
• Software engineer
• Computer operator
• Software developer
• Computer support specialist
• Computer programmer
• Hardware engineer
• Web developer
• Cloud architect
• Application developer
• Computer network architect

SOFTWARE-BASED JOBS IN IT ARE ABOUT DEVELOPING

APPLICATIONS OR PROGRAMS AND INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING:
COMPUTER INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SKILLS
As the demand for technology grows, so does the need for skilled IT professionals. If you’re
curious about what it takes to work in this growing career field, here are some of the fundamental
hard and soft skills you'll need:
•Tech savvy. Although specific technical skills differ by position, every IT job requires some
degree of technical proficiency, including a foundational understanding of computers, software,
and networks.
•Problem-solving and troubleshooting. IT professionals use these skills when determining
why a line of code isn't working as it should or why a network connection has failed. Identifying
the source of a problem is critical, as is your ability to assess situations, spot errors, and develop
solutions.
•Communication. You’ll need to be able to communicate effectively about IT systems—both
verbally and in writing—to audiences with varying technical backgrounds. This skill is especially
useful if you’re in a role that supports professionals such as marketers, retailers, and lawyers.
•Information systems management. This skill helps IT experts collaborate with and assist
other departments of an organization. It requires a basic understanding of how to manage a
company’s network and allocate user permissions that connect employees with the resources
they need.
•Data analysis. In nearly every IT job, you’ll need to interpret and analyze complex data to
produce actionable reports. This helps inform future business decisions and explains to everyone,
from consumers to executives, how well a project performed and what that means for a company.