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Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
• Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is a link-
state IGP tailor-made for IP networks using the Shortest Path First (SPF) method. • OSPF routing allows you to maintain databases detailing information about the surrounding topology of the network. It also uses the Dijkstra algorithm (Shortest path algorithm) to recalculate network paths when its topology changes. This protocol is also very secure, as it can authenticate protocol changes to keep data secure. Types of OSPF Routers Compare RIP to OSPF OSFP Neighbours • OSPF uses hello packets to create adjacencies and maintain connectivity with neighbour routers • OSPF uses the multicast address 224.0.0.5 OSFP Neighbours • •Hello packets provides dynamic neighbor discovery • Hello Packets maintains neighbor relationships • Hello packets and LSA’s from other routers help build & maintain the topological database OSPF Terminology • Neighbour: – Two routers that have an interface on a common network – • Usually discovered by hello’s but can also be configured administratively. • Adjacency – Relationship formed between selected neighbours in which routing information is exchanged. Not all neighbours are adjacent • Only Broadcast and Non-Broadcast network types have Designated and Backup Designated Routers!!! OSPF Terminology • Link state: Information is shared between directly connected routers. This information propagates throughout the network unchanged and is also used to create a shortest path first (SPF) tree. • Area A group of routers that share the same area ID. All OSPF routers require area assignments. OSPF Terminology • Autonomous system (AS) :A network under a common network administration. • Cost: The routing metric used by OSPF. Lower costs are always preferred. You can manually configure the cost with the ip OSPF cost command. By default, the cost is calculated by using the formula cost = 108 / bandwidth. OSPF Terminology • Router ID Each OSPF router requires a unique router ID, which is the highest IP address configured on a Cisco router or the highest numbered loopback address. You can manually assign the router ID. • Link-state advertisement (LSA) A packet that contains all relevant information regarding a router's links and the state of those links. • Priority Sets the router's priority so a DR or BDR can be correctly elected. • Area border router (ABR) Router located on the border of one or more OSPF areas that connects those areas to the backbone network Router ID (RID) Electing the DR and BDR • Multicast Hellos are sent and compared • Router with Highest Priority is Elected as DR Router with 2nd Highest Priority is Elected as BDR
