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Dimensionality_Reduction_Visualization

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Dhyaneshwar Mani
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1 views

Dimensionality_Reduction_Visualization

Uploaded by

Dhyaneshwar Mani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dimensionality

Reduction
Visualizations
PCA AND T-SNE
Introduction to
Dimensionality Reduction

 Overview of high-dimensional data challenges.


 Importance of reducing dimensions for
visualization and analysis.
What is Principal Component
Analysis (PCA)?

 Definition and purpose of PCA.


 Linear technique for dimensionality reduction.
Mathematics Behind PCA

 Eigenvalues and eigenvectors.


 Covariance matrix computation.
Steps in PCA

 Standardizing data.
 Calculating covariance matrix.
 Computing eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
 Selecting principal components.
Visualizing PCA Results

 2D and 3D scatter plots.


 Explained variance ratio.
Example: PCA on the Iris
Dataset

 Applying PCA to the Iris dataset.


 Visualizing the first two principal components.
Limitations of PCA

 Assumption of linearity.
 Sensitivity to outliers.
Introduction to t-Distributed
Stochastic Neighbor
Embedding (t-SNE)
 Definition and purpose of t-SNE.
 Non-linear dimensionality reduction technique.
Mathematics Behind t-SNE

 Probability distributions in high and low


dimensions.
 Kullback-Leibler divergence.
Steps in t-SNE

 Calculating pairwise similarities.


 Constructing low-dimensional mapping.
 Optimization using gradient descent.
Visualizing t-SNE Results

 2D scatter plots.
 Cluster identification.
Example: t-SNE on the MNIST
Dataset

 Applying t-SNE to the MNIST dataset.


 Visualizing digit clusters.
Limitations of t-SNE

 Computational complexity.
 Difficulty in preserving global structure.
PCA vs. t-SNE

 Comparison of linear vs. non-linear methods.


 Use cases for each technique.
When to Use PCA

 High-dimensional linear data.


 Preprocessing for other algorithms.
When to Use t-SNE

 Non-linear data structures.


 Visualizing complex datasets.
Combining PCA and t-SNE

 Using PCA for initial dimensionality reduction.


 Applying t-SNE for detailed visualization.
Practical Considerations

 Choosing the right technique based on data.


 Parameter tuning for optimal results.
Case Study: Customer
Segmentation

 Applying PCA and t-SNE to customer data.


 Identifying distinct customer segments.
Case Study: Image
Compression

 Using PCA for image data compression.


 Visualizing compressed images.
Advanced Topics in
Dimensionality Reduction

 Introduction to UMAP (Uniform Manifold


Approximation and Projection).
 Comparison with PCA and t-SNE.
Tools and Libraries

 Python libraries: scikit-learn, TensorFlow, Keras.


 Visualization tools: Matplotlib, Seaborn, Plotly.
Implementing PCA in Python

 Code example using scikit-learn.


 Visualizing results with Matplotlib.
Implementing t-SNE in Python

 Code example using scikit-learn.


 Visualizing results with Seaborn.
Best Practices

 Data preprocessing techniques.


 Interpreting and validating results.
Future Directions

 Emerging techniques in dimensionality reduction.


 Integration with machine learning workflows.
Conclusion

 Summary of key points.


 Encouragement for further exploration.

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