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Network 7

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85 views34 pages

Network 7

Uploaded by

Alsmoal Khalid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer networks

Lecture 7
Common network cable types
 Coaxial cable

 Unshielded
twisted pair

 Fiber optic
twisted pair
Is the most popular nowadays to clarify the wire link
and is usually similar to the telephone wire, but it
consists of 8 internal wires and not 2 as in the case of
the phone, and so called because each of the two of
the eight are on the two of them and we have four
pairs out of eight wires. Type into two sections
namely:
Unshielded Twisted Pair ( UTP )
Scheduled pairs are the most common cable types in
local networks and are widely used in telephone
systems. TIA / EIA defines the standards of these
cables as follows:
CAT1: to transmit audio without data as is the case
with telephone
CAT2: Data transfer up to 4 Mbps, consisting of four
pairs
CAT3: Data transfer up to 10 Mbps, consisting of
four scheduled pairs
CAT4: Data transfer up to 16 Mbps, consisting of
four pairs
CAT5: Data transfer up to 100 Mbps, consisting of
four pairs
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
Each pair is packaged separately with a better quality
insulator which provides greater protection for wires
from outside interference.
 Scheduled arrival vehicles for couples
RJ-45 Cable link to the network roll.
RJ45 connector
coaxial cable
Coaxial cable is a type of copper cable used by TV cable
companies and is used by telephone companies.
It is also used to transmit television and video equipment.
It is used in radio and wireless networks. Short lengths are
used to connect test equipment such as generators The signal
is widely used to connect computer networks in the local
area but has now been replaced by serial wires and fiber
optic.
It is used in business and ETHERNET network and
has two types:
THICK:
1. This type is used in large networks
2. High cost
3. High data transfer speed
4 - can carry the signal to a distance of 500 meters
 THIN:
1. Used in small networks
2. Cost is lower than the previous type
3. High data transfer speed
4 - can carry the signal to a distance of 185 meters
Fiber Optic Cable
The fibers are made of pure glass, which is long and
thin and does not exceed the thickness of the hair.
Many of these fibers are bundled in optical cable
bundles and are used to transmit optical signals over
very long distances.
Optical Fiber: It consists of two concentric
cylinders called the first heart Core surrounded by
another cylinder called Cladding and then Buffer
Coating and outer cover of the cable (jacket)
Core: It is a thin glass (cylindrical) in which the
light travels and is made from Silica grafted (Ge-
Silica, for example).
Cladding: A material that surrounds the glass core
(another surrounding cylinder) and works to preserve
the light in the optical fiber center, which is made of
silica
 Buffer Coating: A plastic casing protects the optical
fiber from moisture or protects it from damage and
breakage..
Switching And Layer 2 Switches
The difference between a hub and a switch arises
from the way the devices operate: a hub operates as an
analog device that forwards signals among computers,
while a switch is a digital device that forwards packets
Because it handles packets instead of signals and
uses a fabric to provide parallel internal paths, a
switch with N ports can transfer up to N/ 2 packets
simultaneously.
Fiber Modem Extensions
A maximum length specification is a fundamental
part of LAN technology; LAN hardware will not
work correctly over wires that exceed the bound.
A pair of fiber modems and optical fibers can be
used to provide a connection between a computer
and a remote LAN such as an Ethernet.
Repeaters
A repeater is an analog hardware device used to
extend a LAN. The repeater amplifies and sends all
incoming signals to the other side.
Bridges And Bridging
A bridge is a mechanism used to connect two LAN
segments and forward frames from one segment to
another; computers cannot tell whether they are on a
single segment or a bridged LAN.
An adaptive bridge uses the source MAC address
in a packet to record the location of the sender, and
uses the destination MAC address to determine
whether to forward the frame.

Network Protocols
Network protocols are layered such that each
one relies on the protocols that underlie it.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
Software that breaks messages into packets, hands
them off to the IP software for delivery, and then
orders and reassembles the packets at their
destination.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP).
An alternative to TCP that is faster but less
reliable.

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