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Two Level Implementation-1

Two level implementation

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110 views15 pages

Two Level Implementation-1

Two level implementation

Uploaded by

sekhar.jupd.krnl
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Two Level

Implementations
DR. KARTHIK N
Two level logic
•The maximum number of levels/stages that are present between inputs and output is two
in two level logic.
•That means, irrespective of total number of logic gates, the maximum number of Logic gates
that are present (cascaded) between any input and output is two in two level logic.
•Here, the outputs of first level Logic gates are connected as inputs of second level Logic gate(s).
Logic gates used in Two level
implementation
•AND,
•OR,
•NAND &
•NOR
Why Use AND, OR, NAND, and
NOR Gates in Two-Level Logic?
AND and OR Gates:
These gates form the foundation for Sum of Products (SOP) and Product of Sums (POS) forms,
which are the two primary ways to express Boolean logic.
SOP: Requires AND gates at the first level and OR gates at the second level.
POS: Requires OR gates at the first level and AND gates at the second level.
Why Use AND, OR, NAND, and
NOR Gates in Two-Level Logic?
NAND and NOR Gates:
NAND and NOR gates are universal gates, meaning any logic function (AND, OR, NOT, XOR) can
be built using only NANDs or only NORs.
Benefit: They reduce gate complexity and can offer better performance by minimizing the
number of logic levels when used correctly.
Practicality: NAND and NOR are easier to fabricate in CMOS technology and are more energy-
efficient.
16 possible ways of realizing two
level logic
1. AND-AND, 10. NAND-OR,
2. AND-OR, 11. NANDNAND,
3. AND-NAND, 12. NAND-NOR,
4. AND-NOR, 13. NOR-AND,
5. OR-AND, 14. NOR-OR,
6. OR-OR, 15. NOR-NAND,
7. OR-NAND, 16. NOR-NOR.
8. OR-NOR,
9. NAND-AND,
Two level logic realizations
categories
1. Degenerative Form
2. Non-degenerative Form
Degenerative Form

If the output of two level logic realization can be obtained by using single Logic gate, then it is
called a degenerative form.
Only following combinations of two-level logic realizations out of 16 combinations come under
degenerative form.
Those are AND-AND, AND-NAND, OR-OR, OR-NOR.
AND-AND Logic
AND-NAND Logic
OR-OR Logic
Non-degenerative Form

•If the output of two-level logic realization can’t be obtained by using the single logic gate, then it
is called as non-degenerative form.
•The remaining combinations of two-level logic realizations come under nondegenerative form.
•Those are AND-OR, AND-NOR, OR-AND, OR-NAND, NAND-AND, NANDOR, NAND-NAND, NOR-
AND, NOR-OR, NOR-NOR.
AND-OR Logic
AND-NOR Logic
OR-AND Logic

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