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Basic Probability

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9 views13 pages

Basic Probability

Uploaded by

Coley Boyd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Probability

MATH 1001 – Quantitative Skills and Reasoning


Probability Unit
pp. 279-282 in textbook

Adapted from the work of T.M. Brown,


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http://www.math.armstrong.edu/faculty/brown/MATH1001.html
Definitions
• The result of an experiment is called an outcome.
• An event is any particular outcome or group of outcomes.
• A simple event is an event that cannot be broken down further.
• The sample space is the set of all possible simple events.

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Example
When you roll a die, the sample space is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Rolling a two is
a simple event. Rolling an odd number is compound event.

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Example
When you draw a single card from a standard 52-card deck, the sample
space is set of thirteen values:
{Ace, King, Queen, Jack, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2} for each of the four
suits {Spades, Hearts, Clubs, Diamonds}.
Drawing the Queen of Diamonds is a simple event.
Drawing a four is a compound event.

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Definitions
•

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Example
If we roll a 6-sided fair die, calculate:
• P(rolling a six) = 1/6

• P(rolling an odd number) = 3/6 = 1/2

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Example
Given a standard deck of 52-card playing cards, calculate:

• P(drawing the Queen of Diamonds) = 1/52

• P(drawing a four) = 4/52 = 1/13

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Example
A marble is drawn randomly from a jar that contains 6 red marbles, 2
white marbles, and 5 yellow marbles. Find the probability of the given
event.
a. A red marble is drawn

b. A white marble is drawn

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Definitions
• An impossible event has a probability of 0.
• A certain event has a probability of 1.

The probability of any event must be 0 ≤ P(E ) ≤ 1.

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Definitions
•

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Example
•

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Definitions
• Odds is the ratio of the probability that a particular event will occur to
the probability that it will not occur. We always express odds in
simplest form.

The odds for an event E is the ratio of P(E) to P(not E).

The odds against an event E is the ratio of P(not E) to P(E).

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Example
•

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