UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
AND ENGG.
Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning(21CSH-316)
Prepared by:
Sitaram patel(E13285)

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

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www.cuchd.in Computer Science and Engineering Department
Course Outcomes

CO1 -Understand the fundamental concepts and techniques of

artificial intelligence and machine learning.

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 Course Objectives

To study learning processes:

To provide a comprehensive
supervised and unsupervised,
To understand the history and foundation to Machine To understand modern
deterministic and statistical
development of Machine Learning and Optimization techniques and practical
knowledge of Machine
Learning. methodology with trends of Machine learning.
learners, and ensemble
applications t.
learning

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 AI - Natural Language Processing
• Natural Language Processing (NLP) refers to AI method of communicating with an
intelligent systems using a natural language such as English.
• Processing of Natural Language is required when you want an intelligent system like
robot to perform as per your instructions, when you want to hear decision from a
dialogue based clinical expert system, etc.
• The field of NLP involves making computers to perform useful tasks with the natural
languages humans use. The input and output of an NLP system can be −
• Speech
• Written Text

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 Components of NLP
• There are two components of NLP as given −
• Natural Language Understanding (NLU)
• Understanding involves the following tasks −
• Mapping the given input in natural language into useful representations.Analyzing
different aspects of the language.
• Natural Language Generation (NLG)
• It is the process of producing meaningful phrases and sentences in the form of natural
language from some internal representation.
• It involves −
• Text planning − It includes retrieving the relevant content from knowledge base.
• Sentence planning − It includes choosing required words, forming meaningful phrases,
setting tone of the sentence.
• Text Realization − It is mapping sentence plan into sentence structure.
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 Applications of NLP
• There are the following applications of NLP -
• 1. Question Answering
• Question Answering focuses on building systems that automatically answer the
questions asked by humans in a natural language.
• Text and speech processing: This includes Speech recognition,
text-&-speech processing, encoding(i.e converting speech or text to machine-readable
language), etc.
• Text classification: This includes Sentiment Analysis in which the machine can analyze
the qualities, emotions, and sarcasm from text and also classify it accordingly.
• Language generation: This includes tasks such as machine translation, summary
writing, essay writing, etc. which aim to produce coherent and fluent text.
• Language interaction: This includes tasks such as dialogue systems, voice assistants,
and chatbots, which aim to enable natural communication between humans and
computers. 6
 Difficulties in NLU
• NL has an extremely rich form and structure.
• It is very ambiguous. There can be different levels of ambiguity −
• Lexical ambiguity − It is at very primitive level such as word-level.
• For example, treating the word “board” as noun or verb?
• Syntax Level ambiguity − A sentence can be parsed in different ways.
• For example, “He lifted the beetle with red cap.” − Did he use cap to lift the beetle or
he lifted a beetle that had red cap?
• Referential ambiguity − Referring to something using pronouns. For example, Rima
went to Gauri. She said, “I am tired.” − Exactly who is tired?
• One input can mean different meanings.
• Many inputs can mean the same thing.

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 References
• Text Books:
• 1. Rich E., Artificial Intelligence, Tata McGrawHills.
• 2. George F. Luger, Artificial Intelligence: Structures and Strategies for Complex Problem Solving,
Pearson Education Asia.
• Reference Material:
• 1. D.W. Patterson, Introduction to AI and Expert Systems, PHI.
• 2. N.J. Nilsson, Principles of Artificial Intelligence, Kaufmann,1980
• 3. Saroj Kaushik, Logic and Prolog Programming, New Age International Publications.
• 4. PH.Winston, Artificial Intelligence, Addison Wesley.
• WEB LINKS
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/artificial_intelligence/artificial_intelligence_natural_language_processi
ng.htm
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/natural-language-processing-overview/
VIDEO LINKS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hKxvh4RAsY&list=PLyqSpQzTE6M_EcNgdZ2qOtTZe7YI4Eedb

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THANK YOU