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Genetic Engineering

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Ericko Alegria
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23 views16 pages

Genetic Engineering

Uploaded by

Ericko Alegria
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENETIC

ENGINEERING
Genetic Engineering
 A process in
which the genes
are being
transferred from
one organisms to
another.
Transgenic Organism
 When organism’s
genes are altered
for a specific
purpose, it is
called transgenic
organism.
Transgenic Organism
Restriction Enzymes
 A molecular
scissor called
restriction
enzymes is used
to cut DNA at
specific
sequences.
Plasmid
 The cutout gene
of interest is the
inserted into a
circular bacterial
DNA called
plasmid.
Uses of Genetic Engineering
 Development of gene therapy, wherein a
genetic defect will be repaired.
 Enhancing an effect already natural to
that organism. (e.g., increase its growth
rate)
 Resistance against diseases or any other
external damages. (e.g., crops with
blight, seasonal damage from cold or dry
climate)
Uses of Genetic Engineering
 Extraction of microorganism that
produces human insulin for diabetes, or
a sheep to produce a human blood-
clotting protein in her milk; in both
cases, a transgenic method.
 Improvement in the ripening of fruits
without getting squashy.
Process of Genetic
Engineering
 The first step in genetic engineering is to
choose the gene of interest from a
source organism.
 The gene of interest is then extracted
and isolated using restriction enzymes to
cut DNA into fragments.
 By performing gel electrophoresis, these
fragments separate by length.
 The isolated fragment needs to be
replicated; the process is known as gene
cloning.
Process of Genetic
Engineering
Process of Genetic
Engineering
 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is used to
replicate and amplify the gene segment.
 A Vector needs to be used in order to insert the
gene of interest to the recipient organism.
 The most common transformation technique as
vector uses the transgenic organism, usually
bacteria, to genetically engineer other
organisms.
 The transgene is inserted into the bacteria,
which then delivers it into cells of the organism
being engineered.
Process of Genetic
Engineering
Process of Genetic
Engineering
 The gene gun
method is
another
technique of
transformation
where it shoots
microscopic gold
particles coated
with copies of the
transgene into
cells of the
Cloning
 A method that
scientists use to
produce a genetic
copy of another
individual.
Cloning
 In 1997, the first
cloned animal is
produced, a
seven-month-old
sheep named
Dolly.
 Dolly was a clone
of her mother.
Cloning
 Dolly had three
mothers:
 One mother gave
Dolly her DNA.
 The second
mother supplied
an egg.
 The third mother,
her surrogate
mother, gave
birth to her.

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