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Presentation 2

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7 views14 pages

Presentation 2

Uploaded by

meemerabubakar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROGRAM DESIGN TOOLS

BY
DR WALTER IBE
OBJECTIVES
• IDENTIFY VARIOUS TOOLS USED TO REPRESENT AN ALGORITHMS OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS PROGRAMMING TOOLS

• UNDERSTAND THE SYMBOLS AND FUNCTIONS OF EACH PICTORIAL COMPONENT


OF A FLOW-CHART

• EXPLAIN WHAT PSEUDO CODES ARE AND THEIR ADVANTAGES


• DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN FLOWCHARTS AND PSEUDOCODES.
PROGRAMMING TOOLS
• AN ALGORITHM IS A SET OF PROCEDURES FOR SOLVING
A PROBLEM. THE TOOLS USED TO CLEARLY REPRESENT
AN ALGORITHM ARE PROGRAMMING TOOLS.

• EXAMPLE: DESIGN AN ALGORITHM TO FIND THE


AVERAGE OF TWO NUMBERS
DISCUSSION
• SINCE AN ALGORITHM IS JUST THE SOLUTION STEPS FOR A PROBLEM, IT CAN BE
REPRESENTED BY ORDINARY ENGLISH EXPRESSIONS.
• SOLUTION:

1. START
2. GET THE FIRST NUMBER
3. GET THE SECOND NUMBER
4. ADD THE TWO NUMBERS TOGETHER
5. SHOW THE RESULT
6. STOP
TOOLS USED TO REPRESENT AN
ALGORITHM

• FLOWCHARTS
• PSEUDOCODES
FLOWCHARTS
•A FLOWCHART IS A PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF ALGORITHM USING
SPECIAL GEOMETRIC SYMBOLS COMBINNED WITH ARROWS.

• WITHIN EACH SYMBOL HAS A PHRASE PRESENTING THE ACTIVITY AT THAT


STEP.

• THE SHAPE OF THE SYMBOL INDICATES THE TYPE OF OPERATION THAT IS TO


OCCUR.

• FOR INSTANCE, THE PARALLELOGRAM DENOTES INPUT OR OUTPUT.


• FLOWCHARTS SHOULD “FLOW” FROM THE TOP OF THE PAGE TO THE
BOTTOM.
FLOWCHART SYMBOLS
FLOWCHART FOR THE POSTAGE STAMP PROBLEM
PSEUDOCODES
• A PSEUDOCODE IS AN ABBREVIATED VERSION OF AN ACTUAL COMPUTER
CODE

• REPLACED GEOMETRIC SYMBOLS USED IN FLOWCHARTS WITH ENGLISH-LIKE


STATEMENTS.

• AS A RESULT, A PSEUDOCODE LOOKS MORE LIKE A COMPUTER CODE


• TO FOCUS ON THE STEPS REQUIRED TO SOLVE A PROBLEM RATHER THAN ON
HOW TO USE THE COMPUTER LANGUAGE
ADVANTAGES OF
PSEUDOCODES
1) IT IS COMPACT AS SUCH IT DOES NOT EXTEND BEYOND A PAGE
2) IT CAN BE EASILY TRANSLATED INTO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
3) IT MAKES THE PROGRAMMER TO BE MORE FOCUSED ON THE STEPS
REQUIRED TO SOLVE A PROBLEM
• STEP 1: START

• STEP 2: INPUT A

• STEP 3: INPUT B

• STEP 4: C=A+ B

• STEP 5: PRINT

• STEP 6: STOP
CONCLUSION

• THE TOOLS USED TO REPRESENT AN ALGORITHM, KNOWN AS PROGRAMMING


TOOLS

• EXAMPLES: FLOWCHARTS AND PSEUDOCODES.


• THE SYMBOLS AND THEIR MEANING AS PICTORIAL COMPONENTS OF A
FLOWCHART.
ASSIGNMENT
1) THE TOOLS USED TO REPRESENT AN ALGORITHM IS KNOWN AS _________ ?

2) USING A TABULAR FORMAT, SPECIFY 5 SYMBOLS, SYMBOL NAMES AND STATE THE
FUNCTION OF EACH AS A COMPONENT OF A FLOW-CHART

3) BRIEFLY EXPLAIN PSEUDO CODES AND STATE 3 ADVANTAGES

4) DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN FLOWCHARTS AND PSEUDOCODES.

5) USING THE FLOWCHART ONLY, DESIGN AN ALGORITHM TO FIND THE MEAN OF 5 NUMBERS.

6) WRITE THE PSEUDOCODE OF THE FLOWCHART IN (5) ABOVE


THANK YOU

• THANK YOU

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