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    Constitution Why & How IV (1)

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    Constitution Why & How IV (1)

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    1 views7 pages

    Constitution Why & How IV (1)

    Uploaded by

    vani.b175

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    You are on page 1of 7

    CONSTITUTION :

    WHY & HOW


    MAKING OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION
    GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ACT 1935
     There was a growing demand for constitutional
    reforms in India by Indian leaders.
    ▪ India’s support to Britain in the First World War
    also aided in British acknowledgement of the
    need for the inclusion of more Indians in the
    administration of their own country.
    ▪ The Act was based on:
    – Simon Commission Report
    – The recommendations of the Round Table
    Conferences
    – The White Paper published by the British
    government in 1933 (based on the Third Round
    Table Conference)
     THE ACT FOCUSED ON:
    a. Creation of All India Federation including British Provinces and Princely States.
    b. Provincial Autonomy

    PROVINCIAL LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS OF 1937


    (CONGRESS MINISTRIES)

    ▪ Provincial elections were held in British India in the winter of 1936-37 as mandated by
    the Government of India Act 1935. Elections were held in eleven provinces - Madras,
    Central Provinces, Bihar, Orissa, United Provinces, Bombay Presidency, Assam, NWFP,
    Bengal, Punjab and Sindh.
    ▪ The final results of the elections were declared in February 1937. The
    Indian National Congress emerged in power in eight of the provinces - the exceptions
    being Punjab and Sindh. The All-India Muslim League failed to form the government in
    any province.
    ▪ The Congress ministries resigned in October and November 1939, in protest against
    Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's action of declaring India to be a belligerent in the
    Second World War without consulting the Indian people.
    AUGUST OFFER 1940
    ▪ The Viceroy Linlithgow made a set of proposals
    called the ‘August offer’. For the first time, the right
    of Indians to frame their own constitution was
    acknowledged.
    ▪
    A representative Indian body would be framed after
    the war to frame a constitution for India. Dominion
    status was the objective for India.
    ▪ The INC rejected this offer at its meeting at Wardha
    in August 1940. It demanded complete freedom from
    colonial rule. Jawaharlal Nehru remarked that the
    dominion status concept was as dead as a doornail.
    CRIPPS MISSION 1942
    ▪ Setting up of an Indian dominion. This dominion would have
    the freedom to remain with the British Commonwealth or to
    secede from it. It would also be at liberty to take part in
    international organisations.

    ▪ A Constituent Assembly would be formed to frame a new


    constitution for the country. This Assembly would
    have members elected by the provincial assemblies and
    also nominated by the princes.

    ▪ Any province unwilling to join the Indian dominion could form a


    separate union and have a separate constitution.

    ▪ The transfer of power and the rights of minorities would be


    safeguarded by negotiations between the Constituent Assembly
    and the British government.

    ▪ In the meantime, until this new constitution came into


    force, India’s defence would be controlled by the
    British and the powers of the Governor-General would remain
    unaltered.
    CABINET MISSION PLAN 1946
    THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY WAS COMPOSED ROUGHLY ALONG THE LINES
    SUGGESTED BY BRITISH CABINET POPULARLY KNOWN AS CABINET MISSION.
    ACCORDING TO THE MISSION’S SUGGESTIONS:
    ▪ EACH PROVINCE AND PRINCELY STATE OR GROUP OF STATES WERE ALLOTTED SEATS IN
    PROPORTION TO THEIR RESPECTIVE POPULATION ROUGHLY IN THE RATIO OF 1: 1000000.
    AS RESULT THE PROVINCES WERE TO ELECT 292 MEMBERS WHILE PRINCELY STATES WERE
    ALLOTTED A MINIMUM OF 93 SEATS.
    ▪ THE SEATS IN EACH PROVINCE WERE DISTRIBUTED AMONG THREE MAIN COMMUNITIES,
    MUSLIMS, SIKHS AND GENERAL IS RESPECT TO THEIR POPULATION.
    ▪ MEMBERS OF EACH COMMUNITY IN PROVINCIAL LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY ELECTED THEIR
    OWN REPRESENTATIVES BY THE METHOD OF PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION WITH
    SINGLE TRANSFERABLE VOTE.
    ▪ THE METHOD OF SELECTION IN CASE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF PRINCELY STATES WAS TO
    BE DETERMINED BY CONSULTATION.

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