CHEN 811:

ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE

ENGINEERING

DOING LESS
HARM
&
DOING MORE
GOOD
Lecturer: J.A. MUHAMMAD
Course meeting times: Tuesday 2:00 pm – 5: 00 pm
Venue: MSc Class
Course Units: 3
Course Slogan/theme
DOING LESS
HARM
&
DOING MORE
GOOD
TOPIC / EVENT DATE
General Introduction 25/06/24
Sustainable development (conventions/protocols and legal frame works)
Environmental Management Systems:
Environmental impact assessment, environmental audit,

ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS), process intensification and integration to minimize wastes 02/07/24

Environmental Imaging Analysis (EIA) 09/07/24

This multidisciplinary field combines aspects of remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and image processing to study and monitor natural and human-
made environments.

Environmental pollution and control 16/07/24

– Safe and sustainable technologies
– Energy sources and energy utilization technologies
– Environmental pollution remediationsc

Safe and sustainable technologies 23/07/24

Energy sources and energy utilization technologies
Environmental pollution and control 30/07/24
– Environmental pollution remediations 06/08/24
Air pollution: theory, principles and practices related to engineering control of gaseous and particulates emission and controls from natural, industrial/commercial,
agriculture and municipal sources
Class Discussion on:
Effects of air pollution on various forms of life including direct and secondary effects

– Environmental pollution remediations

Water pollution: theory, principles and practices related to engineering control of wastewater discharge and treatment from natural, industrial/commercial, agriculture
and municipal sources

– Environmental pollution remediations 13/08/24

Land pollution: theory, principles and practices related to engineering control of land pollutants from natural, industrial/commercial, agriculture and municipal sources

Solid wastes: sources of solid waste and types including hazardous and nonhazardous, collection and treatment and final disposal methods

CA 20/08/24
Health and Safety Issues
Industrial hazard analysis
Industrial health and hygiene

Interactive revision I
Interactive revision II
Interactive revision III

EXAMINATION -
INTRODUCTION
Environmental & Sustainable engineering is a
broader field that considers the environmental
impact of engineering projects throughout a
product's lifecycle.

This means sustainable engineers design products

using processes that minimize waste, pollution and
conserve resources. They also design products that
are long-lasting and easy to recycle or reuse.
Course description:
Environment and Sustainable
Engineering is a multidisciplinary
field focused on designing and
implementing engineering solutions
that minimize environmental impact
and promote sustainable practices.

It involves:
1. Environmental Protection: Developing
technologies and processes to reduce
pollution, manage waste, and mitigate
the effects of industrial activities on
natural ecosystems.

2. Resource Management: Efficiently

utilizing natural resources like water,
energy, and materials to ensure their
availability for future generations.
3. Sustainable Development: Creating
infrastructure and systems that meet
present needs without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet theirs,

Incorporating
• renewable energy,
• green building practices, and
• sustainable transportation.
4.Environmental Policy and
Compliance: Ensuring that engineering
practices comply with environmental
regulations and contribute to global
sustainability goals.

5. Innovation and Research: Advancing

knowledge in areas such as renewable
energy technologies, waste reduction, and
environmental remediation.
THE AIM

Overall, Environmental & Sustainable

Engineering aims to balance technological
progress with ecological preservation and resource
conservation.

In other words, it essentially, considers the needs of

the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.
Environmental Engineering:

•Focus:
• Addressing environmental issues and mitigating the
impact of human activities.
•Key Areas:
• Waste management
• Water and air pollution control
• Environmental impact assessment
• Remediation of contaminated sites
•Objectives:
• Protecting human health and the environment
• Compliance with environmental regulations
Sustainable Engineering:
•Focus:
• Designing and operating systems in a way that uses
resources efficiently and sustainably.
•Key Areas:
• Renewable energy systems
• Sustainable construction and materials
• Life cycle analysis
• Sustainable manufacturing processes
•Objectives:
• Minimizing environmental impact
• Ensuring long-term availability of resources
• Promoting economic and social sustainability
Course content:
Sustainable development (conventions/protocols and legal frame
works)
Environmental management systems (EMS)
Environmental Imaging Analysis (EIA)
Environmental pollution and control
– Safe and sustainable technologies
– Energy sources and energy utilization technologies
– Environmental pollution remediations
o Air
o Water
o Land.
Health and Safety Issues
Industrial hazard analysis
Industrial health and hygiene
Grading:
Event Percentage Frequency/Duration

Class participation and 10 Every class

attendance

Assignment 10 Twice

Test 20 Once / 1 hour

Final Examination 60 Once / 2 hours

Total 100
 Sustainable Development
Balancing Present Needs with Future
Prosperity

DOING LESS HARM & DOING MORE GOOD

Introduction to Sustainable Development

• Definition: Development that meets the needs

of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own
needs.
• Q: What is/are the theme(s) in this definition?

• Key Aspects: Economic growth, environmental

protection, and social equity.
 The Three Pillars of Sustainable
Development
• Economic Development: Ensuring stable and
inclusive economic growth.

• Environmental Protection: Conserving natural

resources and reducing pollution.

• Social Development: Promoting education,

healthcare, and equality.
 Importance of Sustainable Development

• Environmental Impact: Reduces carbon

footprint and conserves biodiversity.

• Economic Benefits: Long-term economic

growth and job creation.

• Social Benefits: Improved quality of life,

reduced poverty, and social inclusion.
 United Nations Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs)
• Overview: 17 global goals set by the UN in
2015 to achieve a better and more sustainable
future by 2030.

• Examples of SDGs: No poverty, zero hunger,

quality education, clean water and sanitation,
affordable and clean energy.
Challenges to Sustainable Development
• Climate Change: Increasing global
temperatures and extreme weather events.

• Resource Depletion: Overuse of natural

resources such as water, minerals, and forests.

• Social Inequality: Disparities in income,

education, and access to healthcare.
 Strategies for Achieving Sustainable
Development
• Renewable Energy: Investing in solar, wind,
and other renewable energy sources.

• Sustainable Agriculture: Promoting farming

practices that protect the environment.

• Circular Economy: Reducing waste by reusing

and recycling materials.
Role of Governments and Organizations
• Policy Making: Implementing regulations and
policies that support sustainability.

• International Cooperation: Collaborating on

global initiatives and agreements.

• Corporate Responsibility: Encouraging

businesses to adopt sustainable practices.
 Case Studies
• Example 1: Renewable energy initiatives in your
locality.

• Example 2: Sustainable urban development in

your locality.

• Example 3: Reforestation efforts in your locality.

 How Individuals Can Contribute
• Reduce, Reuse, Recycle: Minimizing waste in
daily life.

• Energy Conservation: Using energy-efficient

appliances and reducing consumption.

• Support Sustainable Products: Choosing

products made with sustainable practices.
 Conclusion
• Summary: Recap of the importance and pillars
of sustainable development.

• Call to Action: Encouraging everyone to

contribute to a sustainable future.
 Questions and Discussion
• Q&A Session: Open floor for audience
questions and discussion.
 Conventions, Protocols, and Legal
Frameworks on Sustainable Development

Global Efforts for a Sustainable Future

Jaju Abubakar MUHAMMAD

25/06/24
 Introduction
• Overview: Importance of international
agreements and legal frameworks in
promoting sustainable development.

• Purpose: To provide an understanding of key

conventions, protocols, and legal frameworks.
 Learning Outcomes (LO)
• 1. Understanding of key conventions and protocols
• 2. Knowledge of National and International Legal Frameworks
• 3. Role of Institutions and Governance
• 4. Policy Formulation and Analysis
• 5. Compliance and Monitoring
• 6. Case Studies and Practical Applications
• 7. Stakeholder Engagement and Public Participation

These learning outcomes aim to equip students with a comprehensive understanding

of the legal and institutional frameworks that support sustainable development,
enabling them to contribute effectively to global sustainability efforts.
 Understanding of key conventions and
protocols:

 Be familiar with major international conventions related to

sustainable development, such as the as the Kyoto Protocol, Paris
Agreement, Agenda 21, UN Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), the Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD), and the Montreal Protocol.
 Analyze the objectives, principles, and mechanisms of these
agreements/protocols and their impact on global sustainability
efforts.
 Recognize the key principles enshrined within them, such as
common but differentiated responsibilities and inter-generational
equity.
 United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

• Introduction: Established in 1992 at the Earth

Summit in Rio de Janeiro.

• Objective: Stabilize greenhouse gas

concentrations in the atmosphere.

• Key Elements: National greenhouse gas

inventories, reporting, and review processes.
 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

• Introduction: Established in 1992 at the Earth

Summit.

• Objective: Conservation of biological diversity,

sustainable use of its components, and fair
sharing of benefits.

• Key Initiatives: Aichi Biodiversity Targets, National

Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs).
 Kyoto Protocol
• Introduction: Adopted in 1997 under the UNFCCC.

• Objective: Legally binding commitments for

developed countries to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions.

• Key Mechanisms: Emissions trading, Clean

Development Mechanism (CDM), and Joint
Implementation (JI).
 Paris Agreement
• Introduction: Adopted in 2015 under the
UNFCCC.

• Objective: Limit global warming to well below

2°C, preferably to 1.5°C.

• Key Provisions: Nationally Determined

Contributions (NDCs), global stocktake, and
climate finance.
 Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
• Introduction: Adopted in 1971 in Ramsar, Iran.

• Objective: Conservation and sustainable use

of wetlands.

• Key Elements: Designation of Wetlands of

International Importance, national wetland
policies.
Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic
Pollutants (POPs)
• Introduction: Adopted in 2001.

• Objective: Eliminate or restrict the production

and use of persistent organic pollutants.

• Key Provisions: National implementation

plans, information exchange, and public
awareness.
Basel Convention on Hazardous Wastes
• Introduction: Adopted in 1989.

• Objective: Control transboundary movements

of hazardous wastes and their disposal.

• Key Elements: Prior informed consent,

minimizing waste generation, and
environmentally sound management.
 Knowledge of National and International Legal Frameworks:

 Gain awareness of the different legal frameworks that

exist at international, national, and regional levels to
support sustainable development.

 Understand how these frameworks translate the

principles of conventions and protocols into concrete
actions.
 Legal Frameworks for Sustainable
Development
• National Legislation: Examples of laws and regulations
promoting sustainability at the national level.
• FEPA, KEPA, SEPA

• Regional Agreements: Examples of regional cooperation

for sustainable development (e.g., European Green Deal).

• Corporate Responsibility: Legal requirements for

businesses to adopt sustainable practices.
 Role of Institutions and Governance

• - Recognize the roles and responsibilities of various

institutions, such as the United Nations, national
governments,businesses and non-governmental
organizations (NGOs), within these legal frameworks
in promoting and regulating sustainable development.

• - Assess the effectiveness of governance structures

in achieving sustainability goals.
 Challenges and Opportunities
• Challenges: Enforcement, compliance, and
differing national priorities.

• Opportunities: Strengthening international

cooperation, innovative financing, and
technology transfer.
 Conclusion
• Summary: Recap of key conventions,
protocols, and legal frameworks.

• Call to Action: Importance of collective action

and continuous improvement.
 Questions and Discussion
• Q&A Session: Open floor for audience
questions and discussion.
Case Studies and Practical Applications
Analyze case studies of successful and unsuccessful implementation of sustainable
development initiatives.

Apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios, identifying best practices and

lessons learned.

Apply your understanding of conventions, protocols, and legal frameworks to

real-world case studies related to sustainable development.

Develop arguments for or against specific policies or actions based on their

alignment with sustainable development principles.

Propose solutions to address gaps or weaknesses in the current legal

framework for sustainable development.
 Critical thinking and analysis:

 Be able to critically evaluate the effectiveness of existing conventions, protocols,

and legal frameworks in achieving sustainable development goals.

 Analyze the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing these

frameworks.

 Identify potential areas for improvement or new legal instruments to address

emerging sustainability issues.
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(EMS)
• Environmental management systems (EMS) are structured frameworks that enable
organizations to systematically manage their environmental responsibilities and improve
their environmental performance, EMS. helps organizations to reduce their environmental
impact and operate more sustainably.
Here's a quick breakdown:
 Think of it as a roadmap: An EMS guides an organization in setting environmental
goals, tracking progress, and continuously improving its performance.

 Focus on what matters: It helps identify the organization's biggest environmental

impacts, like waste generation or energy use.

 Plan-do-check-act cycle: An EMS follows a cyclical process of planning environmental

actions, implementing them, checking the results, and then acting to improve.

 Standardized approach: The most widely used standard for EMS is ISO 14001, but there
are others as well.
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(EMS)
LEARNING OUTCOMES

• Implement and evaluate environmental management practices

• Understanding the Application of EMS Frameworks:

• Communicate environmental policies and procedures

• Performance Evaluation and Continuous Improvement

 Introduction to EMS

In today’s world, organizations have a growing responsibility to operate in an

environmentally sustainable way.

An Environmental Management System (EMS) is a framework that helps organizations

achieve this goal.

An EMS provides a structured approach to managing environmental issues, reducing

environmental impacts, and continually improving environmental performance.
 Definition of EMS
• "Environmental Management System (EMS) is a framework that
helps organizations achieve their environmental goals through
consistent review, evaluation, and improvement of their
environmental performance.“

 An EMS is a systematic approach to managing an organization's

environmental impacts.

 It is a cyclical process based on the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA)

model.

 The PDCA model ensures continuous improvement in environmental performance.

 HENCE
• An EMS is not a one-time fix.

• It’s an ongoing process that helps organizations identify their environmental aspects
and impacts, set objectives and targets for improvement, implement operational
controls, monitor performance, and take corrective action when necessary.

• Through the PDCA cycle, organizations can continually improve their

environmental performance.
 Benefits and Importance of an EMS
 Reduces environmental impact
 Improves compliance with environmental regulations
 Lowers operating costs through resource conservation and waste
reduction
 Enhanced environmental performance
 Improved corporate image and credibility
 Cost savings through resource efficiency
 Enhances brand reputation and customer loyalty
 Motivates employees and fosters a culture of environmental
responsibility
 An EMS can help organizations become more sustainable and
responsible corporate citizens.
 EMS Standards and Frameworks
 Overview of ISO 14001:
o ISO 14001 is the international standard for EMS
o Focuses on continuous improvement and legal compliance
o It provides a framework for organizations to develop and
implement an EMS
o Certification to ISO 14001 demonstrates an organization's
commitment to environmental management.

 Other EMS frameworks:

o EMAS (Eco-Management and Audit Scheme)
o BS 8555 (British Standard for phased implementation of EMS)
 Key Elements of EMS
An EMS is made up of several key elements. These elements work together to ensure
that the EMS is effective in achieving its goals

The first element is the environmental policy, which is a

statement of the organization's commitment to environmental
protection. The planning element involves identifying
environmental aspects and impacts, setting objectives and targets,
and developing an environmental management plan. The
implementation and operation element involves implementing
operational controls, procedures, and training to achieve
environmental objectives and targets. The monitoring and
measurement element involves monitoring environmental
performance, measuring progress towards objectives and targets,
and conducting internal audits. Finally, the improvement
element involves taking corrective action, conducting
management reviews, and continually improving the EMS.
 Steps to Implement EMS
Step 1: Framework and Standards:
o Based on international standards such as ISO 14001, which provides
guidelines for setting up an effective EMS

Step 2: Environmental policy development

o Establishing an environmental policy that reflects the organization's
commitment to compliance, pollution prevention, and continuous
improvement.
o Establishing environmental objectives and targets

Step 3: Planning:
o Identifying environmental aspects and impacts
o Setting objectives and targets
o Developing action plans to address significant environmental issues
 Steps to Implement EMS
Step 4: Implementation and operation
o Structure and responsibility: allocating resources defining roles and responsibilities
o Ensuring staff are trained and aware of their environmental responsibilities.
o Implementing operational controls and emergency preparedness procedures.

Step 5: Checking and corrective action

o Monitoring and measurement
o Regularly tracking environmental performance through monitoring, measurement, and reporting
of key indicators.
o Conducting internal audits to ensure the EMS is functioning effectively

Step 6: Management Evaluation and Review

o Reviewing the EMS periodically through management reviews to ensure its continuing
suitability, adequacy, and effectiveness.
o Taking corrective and preventive actions based on audit findings and performance evaluations
 Steps to Implement EMS
Step 7: Continuous Improvement:
o Continuously improving the EMS by
integrating feedback, technological
advancements, and best practices.

o Updating policies, objectives, and procedures

to enhance environmental performance and
achieve sustainability goals
 Case Study Example

Example of an organization successfully implementing EMS:

o Name of the organization
o Overview of their environmental challenges
o Benefits achieved (e.g., cost savings, improved
environmental performance)

• Students to Discuss
 EMS and Sustainability

 Relationship between EMS and sustainable development:

o Contribution to sustainable practices
 Challenges in Implementing EMS

 Common challenges organizations face:

o Resistance to change
o Resource constraints
o Complexity of regulatory requirements

 Strategies to overcome challenges:

o Management commitment and leadership
o Employee engagement and training
 Future Trends in EMS

 Emerging trends in environmental management:

o Integration of digital technologies (e.g., IoT, AI) for monitoring and reporting
o Circular economy principles in EMS

 Integration of EMS with other management systems:

o Quality management (ISO 9001), health & safety (ISO 45001)
Conclusions
· An EMS is a powerful tool that can help organizations improve their environmental
performance.

· By implementing an EMS, organizations can reduce their environmental impact,

comply with environmental regulations, and save money.

· An EMS is an investment in the future of our planet.

Summary of key points:

o Importance of EMS for organizations and the environment
o Benefits of implementing EMS

Overall, an EMS helps organizations reduce environmental impacts, comply with

regulations, and enhance their sustainability initiatives thus becoming more
environmentally responsible and efficient.
 Call to action

Encourage audience to consider implementing EMS in their organizations

Q&A
 Questions and answers:
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(EMS)

Implement and evaluate environmental management practices:

Upon completing the course on EMS, learners will be able to design
and implement basic environmental management practices within an
organization.

This could involve tasks like identifying and prioritizing

environmental aspects, setting measurable goals for reducing
environmental impact, and developing procedures to monitor and track
progress.

Learners will also be able to evaluate the effectiveness of these

practices and identify areas for improvement.
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(EMS)
Communicate environmental policies and procedures:
Effective communication is crucial for a successful EMS.

This learning outcome focuses on equipping students to clearly explain

the organization's environmental policies and procedures to relevant
stakeholders.

This might involve employees at all levels, suppliers, and even the
general public.

Learners will develop skills to explain the purpose and benefits of the
EMS, and how individual actions contribute to achieving
environmental goals
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(EMS)
Understanding and Application of EMS Frameworks:
Students will be able to understand and apply the principles and structure of
Environmental Management Systems, including international standards such as ISO
14001.

• ISO 14001 is the international standard for EMS. It provides a framework for
organizations to develop and implement an EMS that meets the requirements of
the standard. Certification to ISO 14001 is not mandatory, but it can be a
valuable way for organizations to demonstrate their commitment to
environmental management and to gain a competitive advantage.
• Details: This includes comprehending the key components of EMS, such as
policy development, planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and
continuous improvement. Students will be able to design and implement an
EMS tailored to an organization's specific needs, ensuring compliance with
environmental regulations and standards.
• ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS), process intensification
and integration to minimize wastes
 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(EMS)
Performance Evaluation and Continuous Improvement:
Students will be able to evaluate the environmental
performance of an organization using an EMS and
implement strategies for continuous improvement

Details: This includes developing skills in conducting

internal audits, monitoring and measuring environmental
impacts, and analyzing performance data. Students will learn
to identify areas for improvement, propose corrective
actions, and implement best practices to enhance the
organization's environmental sustainability and operational
efficiency.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMAGING ANALYSIS (EIA)

• Environmental Imaging Analysis is a field that uses

images, captured from various sources, to extract
information about the environment

• It is a process of using various imaging technologies

and techniques to capture, analyze, and interpret
visual data of the environment.
 Imaging Technologies and Techniques
This multidisciplinary field combines aspects of remote sensing, geographic information
systems (GIS), and image processing to study and monitor natural and human-made
environments.

Key aspects include:

1. Remote Sensing:
 Using satellite, aerial, and drone-based sensors to capture images of the Earth's
surface.
 Collecting data across various spectra, including visible, infrared, and
microwave, to gather comprehensive environmental information.

2. Image Processing:
 Applying techniques to enhance, classify, and interpret raw image data.
 Utilizing software tools for tasks such as image correction, filtering,
segmentation, and feature extraction.
Key aspects:

3. Geographic Information Systems (GIS):

 Integrating imaging data with spatial information to create detailed maps and models.
 Analyzing spatial patterns, relationships, and trends within the environmental data.

4. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment:

 Tracking changes in land use, vegetation cover, water bodies, and atmospheric conditions
over time.
 Detecting and assessing environmental issues such as deforestation, urbanization,
pollution, and climate change impacts.
 Applications and Focus of EIA:
 Ecology and Conservation:
 Monitoring biodiversity, habitat changes, and species distribution.
 Agriculture:
 Assessing crop health, soil conditions, and land management practices.
 Water Resources:
 Mapping water bodies, monitoring water quality, and managing watersheds.
 Disaster Management:
 Identifying and assessing natural disasters like floods, wildfires, and hurricanes.
 Monitoring pollution:
 Tracking air and water quality by identifying pollutants in images
 Land cover analysis:
 Mapping and understanding how land is being used (forests, agriculture, urban areas).
 Natural resource management:
 Assessing the health of forests, tracking deforestation, or monitoring wildlife populations.
 Military: Enemy targets can be mapped and targeted
 Benefits of EIA

• Environmental imaging analysis provides a powerful tool for:

 Large-scale monitoring: It allows scientists to study vast areas

without needing to be physically present.

 Time-series analysis: By analyzing images from different

points in time, researchers can track changes in the environment.

 Improved decision-making: The data extracted from images

can inform policies and practices related to environmental
protection and sustainability
• Overall, environmental imaging analysis is a
rapidly developing field that plays a crucial
role in monitoring our planet's health and
managing our natural resources it also
provides critical insights and data for
environmental research, policy-making, and
management, aiding in the sustainable
stewardship of natural resources and
ecosystems
 FUTURE TRENDS
• MILITARY
• DEFENCE
• ETC
END