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DHCP

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30 views16 pages

DHCP

Uploaded by

saltysweety64
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DYNAMIC HOST

CONFIGURATION
PROTOCOL
(DHCP)
HISTORY
 DHCP was created by the Dynamic Host Configuration
Working Group of the Internet Engineering Task Force.

 DHCP as a standard-track protocol succeeding the Bootstrap


Protocol (BOOTP), which is a network protocol used by a
network client to obtain an IP address from a configuration
server.

 October 1997: DHCP definition for Internet Protocol version 4


(IPv4) networks.

 The extensions of DHCP for IPv6 (DHCPv6) were published.


What is DHCP?
 Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol

 It is a method for assigning Internet


Protocol (IP) addresses
permanently or to individually to
network

 DHCP lets a network administrator


supervise and distribute IP
addresses from a central point
and automatically sends a new IP
address when a computer is
plugged into a different place in the
network
Sample Network

DHCP
Clients DHCP
Server

UDP Port UDP Port UDP Port UDP Port


68 68 68 67

Router

Internet
Motivation for DHCP

 Configuration parameters for network hosts


 IP address
 Router
 Subnet Mask
 Others..
Two types of IP
Addresses
 DHCP is used to assign IP addresses to hosts or
workstations on the network
 Two types of IP addresses:
 Static
Is a number that is assigned to a computer by an
Internet service provider (ISP) to be its permanent
address on the Internet
 Dynamic
The temporary IP address is called a dynamic IP
address
Why is DHCP Important?

 Important when it comes to adding a machine to a


network.
 When computer requests an address, the administrator
would have to manually configure the machine
 Mistakes are easily made
 Causes difficulty for both administrator as well as
neighbors on the network
 DHCP solves all the hassle of manually adding a
machine to a network.
How does DHCP work?

The DHCP server will not reallocate the


address during the lease period and will attempt
to return the same address every time the client
requests an address

The client can extend its lease or send a


message to the server before the lease
expires it that it no longer needs the address so it
can be released and assigned to another client on
the network
Advantages of DHCP

 DHCP minimizes the


administrative burden

 By using DHCP there is no chance


to conflict IP address
Disadvantages of DHCP

 When DHCP server is unavailable,


client is unable to access enterprises
network

 Your
machine name does not change
when you get a new IP address
DHCP Flow
Server A Client Server B
Client attempts to discover
DHCPDISCOVE available DHCP servers
DHCPDISCOVE
R R

Servers reply with offers


DHCPOFFE DHCPOFFE
R R
Client collects offers and
decides which offer to
accept

Client broadcasts request for


DHCPREQUES one of the received offers
DHCPREQUES
T T
Server acknowledges client’s
Configuration complete DHCPAC use of IP address
K

Graceful shutdown Client explicitly releases


use of IP address
DHCPRELEA
SE
DHCP Message Types
DHCP Use
Messa
ge
DHCPDISCOVER Client broadcast to locate available servers

DHCPOFFER Server to client response offering configuration parameters

DHCPREQUEST Client broadcast requesting offered parameters

DHCPDECLINE Client to server notification that IP address is in use


DHCPACK Server to client response confirming a request
DHCPNAK Server to client response denying a request Client to
DHCPRELEASE server request to relinquish IP address
DHCPINFORM Client to server request for configuration parameters
Lease Renewal Times
(Client)
■ T1 < T2 < Lease time
■
T1 default value = 1/2 of lease time T2
■
default value = 7/8 of lease time
■ Communicated via DHCPOFFER, DHCPACK
■ Client actions when times elapse
■ T1: client must renew address with the DHCP server
■ T2: client must renew address with any DHCP
■ server Lease time: client must stop using IP address
DHCP Lease Time is the amount of time in minutes
or seconds a network device can use an IP Address
in a network
DHCP Header

4 bytes
Limitations

 Some machines on your network need to be at


fixed addresses, for example servers and
routers
 You need to be able to assign a machine to run
the DHCP server continually as it must be
available at all times when clients need IP
access
Conclusion
 Assigning client addresses automatically is by far
the easiest option of the two:
 Set-up automatically by DHCP server
 Set-up manually

 To set-up clients automatically all you need to do


is set your TCP/IP control panels to receive
automatically

 If you intend to set up your client computers


manually, make sure that the assigned IP address
is in the same range of your default router address
and that it is unique to your private network

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