Skill Developments

Instructor:
Hamza Naveed
Email ID: [email protected]
 Course Introduction

This course is intended to make students understand the effect

of computer and its applications in daily life and in their field.
Basically, this subject is related to the introduction of
information technology, understanding computer systems and
concepts, e-commerce, security and privacy controls over
internet, MS Office, databases and importance of information
systems in business and e-banking etc.
Objectives Overview
Differentiate among Describe the control
various styles of Identify chips, adapter unit and arithmetic
system units on cards, and other logic unit components
desktop computers, components of a of a processor, and
notebook computers, motherboard explain the four steps
and mobile devices in a machine cycle

Identify characteristics
of various personal
Define a bit and Explain how program
computer processors
describe how a series instructions transfer in
on the market today,
of bits represents data and out of memory
and describe the ways
processors are cooled

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Objectives Overview
Differentiate between a
Describe the purpose and port and a connector, and
types of expansion slots explain the differences
Differentiate among the and adapter cards, and among a USB port,
various types of memory differentiate among slots FireWire port, Bluetooth
for various removable port, SCSI port, eSATA
flash memory devices port, IrDA port, serial port,
and MIDI port

Understand how to clean

Explain the purpose of a
Describe the types of a system unit on a
power supply and
buses in a computer computer or mobile
describe how it keeps cool
device

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The System Unit
• The system unit
is a case that
contains electronic
components of the
computer used to
process data

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 The System Unit
• The inside of the system unit on a desktop personal computer
includes:
Drive bay(s)
Power
supply
Sound card

Video card

Processor

Memory
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 The System Unit
• The motherboard is the main circuit board of the system unit
• A computer chip contains integrated circuits

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 Processor
• The processor, also called the central processing unit
(CPU), interprets and carries out the basic instructions that
operate a computer
• Contain a control unit and an arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

Multi- Dual- Quad-

core core core
process process process
or or or
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Processor
• A processor core, or simply core, contains the circuitry
necessary to execute instructions. The operating system
views each processor core as a separate processor.
• A multi-core processor is a single chip with two or
more separate processor cores. Two common multi-core
processors are dual-core and quad-core.
• A dual-core processor is a chip that contains two
separate processor cores. Similarly, a quad-core
processor is a chip with four separate processor cores.
Processor

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Processor
• The control unit is the component of the processor that
directs and coordinates most of the operations in the
computer(control the management of a computer)
• The arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic,
comparison, and other operations

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Processor
The processor contains registers,
that temporarily hold data and
instructions
The system clock controls the
timing of all computer operations
• The pace of the system clock is called the
clock speed, and is measured in
gigahertz (GHz)
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 Processor
• A processor chip generates
heat that could cause the
chip to burn up
• Require additional cooling
• Heat sinks
• Liquid cooling technology

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 Processor
• Parallel processing uses multiple processors
simultaneously to execute a single program or task
• Massively parallel processing involves hundreds or thousands of
processors

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 Data Representation
• ASCII (American Standard
Code for Information
Interchange) is the most
widely used coding scheme
to represent data

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 Memory
• Memory consists of electronic components that store
instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data
needed by those instructions, and the results of
processing the data
• Stores three basic categories of items:

The operating Data being

system and Application processed and
other system programs the resulting
software information

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Memory
• Each location in memory has an address
• Memory size is measured in kilobytes (KB or K),
megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), or terabytes (TB)

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 Memory
• The system unit contains two types of memory:

Nonvolatile
Volatile memory
memory
Loses its contents Does not lose
when power is contents when
turned off power is removed

Examples include
Example includes
ROM, flash
RAM
memory, and CMOS

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Memory

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Memory
• RAM chips usually reside on a memory module and are
inserted into memory slots

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Memory
• Memory cache speeds the processes of the computer
because it stores frequently used instructions and data

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Memory

Read-only memory (ROM) refers to

memory chips storing permanent data and
instructions
• Firmware

A PROM (programmable read-only memory)

chip is a blank ROM chip that can be
written to permanently
• EEPROM can be erased
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 Expansion Slots and Adapter Cards
• An expansion slot is a socket
on the motherboard that can
hold an adapter card
• An adapter card enhances
functions of a component of the
system unit and/or provides
connections to peripherals
• Sound card and video card

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Ports and Connectors

A port is the point at which a peripheral

attaches to or communicates with a system
unit (sometimes referred to as a jack)

A connector joins a cable to a port

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Ports and
Connecto
rs

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Ports and Connectors
• On a notebook computer, the ports are on the back, front,
and/or sides

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Ports and
Connectors

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Ports and Connectors
• A USB port can connect up to 127 different peripherals
together with a single connector
• You can attach multiple peripherals using a single USB port with a
USB hub

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Ports and Connectors
• Other types of ports include:

Firewire Bluetoo SCSI eSATA

port th port port port

IrDA Serial MIDI

port port port

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Ports and Connectors
A smart phone might
A Bluetooth wireless port communicate with a
adapter converts a USB notebook computer using an
port into a Bluetooth port IrDA port

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 Ports and Connectors
• A port replicator is an external
device that provides connections
to peripherals through ports built
into the device
• A docking station is an external
device that attaches to a mobile
computer or device

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Buses
• A bus allows the various
devices both inside and
attached to the system unit
to communicate with each
other
• Data bus
• Address bus
• Word size is the number
of bits the processor can
interpret and execute at a
given time
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Buses
• Expansion slots connect to expansion buses
• Common types of expansion buses include:

Accelerated
PCI Express
PCI bus Graphics
bus
Port

USB and
PC Card
FireWire
bus
bus

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 Bays
• A bay is an opening inside
the system unit in which
you can install additional
equipment
• A drive bay typically holds
disk drives

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Power Supply

The power supply converts

the wall outlet AC power into DC
power

Some external peripherals have

an AC adapter, which is an
external power supply
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Putting It All Together

Home Small Office/ Mobile

Intel Core i5 or Home Office Intel Core i7
Intel Core 2 i3 Intel Core i7 or Extreme or
or Intel Core i7 or
AMD Athlon II Intel Core i7 AMD Phenom II
or Extreme or or
AMD Sempron AMD Phenom AMD Turion II
II or
AMD Athlon II Minimum RAM:
Minimum RAM: 2 GB
2 GB
Minimum RAM:
4 GB 36
Putting It All Together

Power Enterprise
Intel Xeon or Intel Core i7 or
Intel Itanium or Intel Core i7
AMD Opteron Extreme or AMD
Minimum RAM: Phenom II or
8 GB AMD Athlon II

Minimum RAM:
4 GB

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Keeping Your Computer
or Mobile Device Clean
Clean your computer or mobile device once or
twice a year

Turn off and unplug your computer or mobile

device before cleaning it

Use compressed air to blow away dust

Use an antistatic wipe to clean the exterior of the

case and a cleaning solution and soft cloth to
clean the screen
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Video: The Leopard with a Time
Machine

CLICK TO START

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Summary

Sequence of
How memory
operations that
Components of the stores data,
occur when a
system unit instructions, and
computer executes
information
an instruction

Comparison of
How to clean the
various personal
exterior and
computer
interior of a
processors on the
system unit
market today

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Reference
• The Components of System Unit, Chp # 4, Discovery
Computer 2012.