Scribd
Upload
3 views12 pages

Framing

Uploaded by

Lakshmi G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views12 pages

Framing

Uploaded by

Lakshmi G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

FRAMING

 Framing in the data link layer separates a message from one source
to a destination, or from other messages to other destinations, by
adding a sender address and a destination address. The destination
address defines where the packet is to go; the sender address helps
the recipient acknowledge the receipt.

 Although the whole message could be packed in one frame, that is


not normally done. One reason is that a frame can be very large,
making flow and error control very inefficient. When a message is
carried in one very large frame, even a single-bit error would
require the retransmission of the whole message. When a message
is divided into smaller frames, a single-bit error affects only that
small frame.
FRAMING

 Data-link layer takes the packets from the Network Layer and
encapsulates them into frames.
Parts of a Frame
A frame has the following parts −

1. Frame Header − It contains the source and the destination


addresses of the frame.
2. Payload field − It contains the message to be delivered.
3. Trailer − It contains the error detection and error
correction bits.
4. Flag − It marks the beginning and end of the frame.
Types of Framing

Framing can be of two types :

1. Fixed sized framing and


2. Variable sized framing.
Fixed-sized Framing

 Here the size of the frame is fixed and so the


frame length acts as delimiter of the frame.
Consequently, it does not require additional
boundary bits to identify the start and end of
the frame.
Example
Variable – Sized Framing

 Here, the size of each frame to be transmitted may be


different. So additional mechanisms are kept to mark
the end of one frame and the beginning of the next
frame.

 It is used in local area networks.

 Historically, two approaches were used for this


purpose: a character-oriented approach and a bit-
oriented approach.
Character-oriented approach OR Byte Stuffing
Byte Stuffing Example
Bit Stuffing
Bit Stuffing Example

You might also like